> 


7  ■/  7 .  *c 


INDIANA 

1926 


Prepared  for 
GOVERNOR  ED  JACKSON 

by 
Indiana  Historical  Bureau 

and 
Board    of    Public    Printing 


Edited  and  Supervised 

by 

Lewis  S.  Bowman,  Charles  Kettleborough 

Christopher  B.  Coleman,  Edward  F.  Warfel 

J.  Otto  Lee 


Wm.  B.  Burford 

State  Printer 

Indianapolis,   Indiana 


INDIANA  STATE  FLOWER 
BLOSSOM  OF  TULIP  TREE 


FOREWORD 


INDIANA  in  181b  became  the  nineteenth  state.  In  this  sesquicentennial 
year  of  American  independence  she  joins  with  the  other  commonwealths 
admitted  into  the  Union  after  its  formation  in  appreciation  of  the  blessings 
of  liberty  and  union  for  which  they  are  indebted  to  the  thirteen  original  states. 
The  city  of  Philadelphia,  where  the  Continental  Congress  resolved  upon  in- 
dependence and  adopted  the  great  Declaration,  will  always  be  regarded  by  us 
as,  in  a  peculiar  sense,  the  birthplace  of  our  nation. 

When  the  Revolutionary  War  began,  this  region  was  entirely  in  the  hands 
of  the  British  and  the  Indians.  The  heroic  expedition  of  George  Rogers 
Clark  and  his  capture  of  Fort  Sackville  at  Vincennes  in  large  part  gave  the 
revolutionary  patriots  control  and  will  forever  link  the  Revolution  with  the 
development  of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Allegheny  Mountains.  The 
centre  of  the  five  states  created  out  of  the  Old  Northwest,  Indiana,  next  to 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
owes  the  greatest  debt  of  gratitude  to  those  who  framed  the  great  Ordinance 
of  1787  for  the  organization  of  the  "territory  northwest  of  the  river  Ohio." 

Indiana  seeks  to  be  worthy  of  these  great  inheritances.  Its  loyalty  has  been 
proved  in  the  War  of  1812,  the  Mexican, the  Civil,  the  Spanish,  and  the  World 
wars.  In  the  field  of  education,  of  art  and  letters,  it  has  contributed  to 
America's  store  of  culture.  It  has  developed  its  material  resources,  and 
under  the  constitution  of  1851  the  state  has  paid  for  its  improvements  as 
they  have  been  made,  and  is  now  entirely  free  from  debt.  It  has  organized 
care  of  defective,  dependent,  and  delinquent  classes.  Its  southern  hills,  its 
central  plains,  and  the  great  industrial  sites  in  the  north  furnish  homes  for  a 
population,  we  believe,  as  industrious,  as  progressive,  and  as  happy  as  can  be 
found  anywhere  in  the  world. 

This  little  book  is  intended  as  Indiana's  contribution  to  the  observance  of 
the  Sesquicentennial  of  American  independence;  it  is  a  brief  summary  of  her 
achievements  and  an  invitation  to  all  to  enjoy  her  friendly  hospitality. 


Governor  of  Indiana 


Page  Four 


Governor  Ed  Jackson 


Page  Fu 


FIRST  CAPITOL  BUILDING  AT  VINCENNES 

THE  first  seat  of  government  of  Indiana  Territory  was  Vincennes,  and,  according  to  the  first  entry 
in  the  executive  journal,  the  Territorial  government  commenced  July  4,  1800.  William  Henry 
Harrison  was  appointed  the  first  territorial  governor,  with  John  Gibson  as  secretary,  Henry  Vander- 
burg,  William  Clark,  and  John  Griffin  as  territorial  judges.  This  building  was  used  as  the  seat  of  government 
until  the  capital  was  removed  to  Corydon  in  1813.  It  has  been  purchased  by  the  citizens  of  Vincennes  and 
removed  to  a  public  park.  It  is  now  being  restored  to  its  original  appearance,  and  refurnished  in  keep- 
ing with  the  period  in  which  it  was  used  for  official  purposes. 


SECOND  CAPITOL  BUILDING  AT  CORYDON 

INDIANA'S  second  capitol  was  erected  in  1812-13  as  the  Harrison  County  Courthouse  at  Corydon.  which 
became   the   second    territorial    capital    in  1813    and,  in    1816,    the  first    state    capital.      In    1825    the 
capital  was  moved  to  Indianapolis.     The  Old  State  House,  purchased  by  the  state  in  1917,  is  still  stand- 
ing, though  remodeled;  it  is  a  solid,  stone  building  forty  feet  square. 


Page  .Six 


k 


INDIANA'S  PRESENT  STATE  HOUSE 


THE  building  of  this  State  House  was 
begun    October    12,    1878,   and    com- 
pleted October  2,    1888.     It  cost 
$1,980,969,  and  is  reported  to  be  the  only 
public    building   in    the    country    that  was 
built  within  the  original  cost  estimate. 

The  building  stone  used  was  taken  from 
Indiana  quarries.  The  basement  walls  and 
the  footing  for  the  outer  walls  consist  of 
blue  limestone;  and  the  outer  walls  of  the 
entire  building  are  of  oolitic  limestone. 

The  dimensions  of  the  building  are: 
maximum  length  from  north  to  south,  496 
feet;  width,  on  north  and  south  fronts,  185 
feet;  width,  east  and  west  of  central  pro- 
jection, 282  feet.  Including  the  basement, 
there  are  four  floors  with  aggregate  floor 
space  of  more  than  twelve  acres. 

On  each  floor  a  grand  corridor,  68  feet  wide, 
extends  the  entire  length  of  the  building, 
supported  by  a  double   row  of  marble  col- 


umns, piers,  and  pilasters,  lighted  on   the 
three  upper  floors  with  ample  skylight. 

The  distinguishing  feature  of  the  State 
House,  adding  grandeur  and  dignity  to  its 
appearance,  is  the  dome,  72  feet  in  diameter, 
rising  from  the  center  to  a  height  of  234 
feet  above  the  ground.  From  foundation 
to  roof,  it  is  constructed  of  solid  stone.  In 
perspective,  the  beauty,  strength,  and 
harmony  of  Corinthian  order  of  architecture 
is  successfully  displayed  in  a  rich  combi- 
nation of  appropriate  columns,  pilasters,  and 
pediments,  the  whole  representing  a  monu- 
ment of  architecture  worthy  of  the  state 
and  age. 

There  are  in  the  dome  eight  large  columns 
of  Jonesboro  (Maine)  granite;  eight  solid 
Carrara  (Italian)  marble  statues  of  heroic 
size  are  within  the  rotunda  on  a  level  of  the 
third  floor,  representing:  law,  oratory, 
agriculture,  commerce,  justice,  liberty,  his- 
tory, and  art. 


Page  Sev*n 


Frederick  E.Schortemeier 

SECY.     OF     STATE 


F.  Harold  "Van  Orman 

LIEUT.     GOV. 


ELECTIVE 

STATE 
OFFICIALS 


Mrs.  Grace  B.  Urbahns 

TREAS.   OF  STATE 


Mrs.  Edward  Frankjlin  White 


REPORTER    OF    SUPREME 
AND    APPELLATE    COURTS 


Zach  T.  Dungan 

CLERK.  OF   COURTS 


Page  Eight 


JUDGES  SUPREME  COURT  OF  INDIANA 


David  A.  Myers      Willerd  B.  Gemmill      Julius  C.  Travis      Benjamin  M.  Willoughby      Louis  B.  Ewbank 


JUDGES  APPELLATE  COURT  OF  INDIANA 


Solon    A.    Enloe  Chas.    F.    Remy 

Willis  C.  McMahan 


Ethan    A.    Dausman  Alonzo    L.    Nichols 

Francis  M.  Thompson 


Page  Nine 


THE   INDIANA   STATE    SOLDIERS'   AND   SAILORS"   MONUN4ENT 

Monument  Circle,  Indianapolis 

An  everlasting  shrine  to  the  Hoosiers  who  made  the  supreme  sacrifice 
in  the  Revolutionary  War,  the  War  of  1812,  the  Mexican  War,  and  the 
Civil  War.     A  tablet  also  commemorates  Indiana's  part  in  the  war  with  Spain. 


NATIONALLY  recognized  as  a  mag- 
nificent piece  of  architectural  and 
sculptural  art,  it  ranks  second  in 
height  only  to  the  famous  Washington 
monument;  including  the  foundation,  it 
measures  314  feet,  6  inches,  and  from  the 
street  level,  284  feet,  6  inches.  From  the 
balcony  near  the  top,  the  entire  city  can 
be  viewed.  On  the  summit  is  a  colossal 
figure  of  Victory. 

The  statuary  at  the  base  includes  two  of 
the  largest  groups  ever  carved  out  of  stone — 
the  one  on  the  east  representing  War;  the 


one  on  the  west,  Peace.  Cascades  of 
flowing  water  beneath  the  statuary  form 
large  pools  on  the  east  and  west.  Bronze 
statues  of  Governor  Oliver  P.  Morton, 
Governor  James  Whitcomb,  General  William 
Henry  Harrison,  the  three  war  governors, 
and  General  George  Rogers  Clark,  conquer- 
or of  the  Old  Northwest,  stand  in  the  four 
segments  between  the  pools  and  the  steps. 

Construction    began    in    1887  and    was 

completed  in   1901,  at  a  cost  of  $600,000. 

The  monument  was  dedicated  in  1902  "To 
Indiana's  Silent  Victors." 


Page  Trn 


Main  Memorial  Shrine 


INDIANA  WORLD  WAR  MEMORIAL 


THRU  an  act  of  the  special  session  of 
the  legislature  in  1920,  the  generous 
citizens  of  Indiana  have  honored  the 
men  and  women  who  served  in  the  World 
War  with  a  shrine  of  national  and,  no  doubt, 
international  scope  The  City  of  Indianap- 
olis, Marion  County,  and  the  State  of 
Indiana  have  joined  hands  to  provide  the 
wonderful  Memorial  Plaza  which  includes 


five  city  blocks  in  the  heart  of  our  state 
capital.     This   Memorial    when   completed 
will  be  visited  by  people  of  all  states  and 
nations  of  the  world.     On  September    12, 
1924,  the  cornerstone  of  the  first  building 
on  the  Plaza  was  laid,  and  on  June  17,  1925, 
this   building   was  dedicated   by   Governor 
Ed  Jackson  as  the  home  of  the  National 
Organization  of  the  American  Legion.     It  is 
located  near  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
Plaza.  The  present  plans  call  for  a  simi- 
lar utilitarian  building  near  the  north- 
east corner  of  the  site.     The  Memorial 
proper,  which  is  now  under  construc- 
tion,   will   have   a   base  of    180    feet 
square,  with  a  tower  approximately  50 
feet  square  rising  to  a   height  of  230 
feet.   This  building  as  well  as  all  others 
on  the  Plaza — an  everlasting  tribute 
to  those   who  gave  to  their  country 
their  services  and  their  lives  if  need 
be — will    be    constructed    of    Indiana 
Limestone. 


American  Legion  Headquarters 


Page  Eleven 


Administration  Building — Bloomington 

INDIANA  UNIVERSITY 

INDIANA  University,  head  of  the  com-  The  University  Biological  Station  is  located 

mon   school    system   of  the   state,   was  at  Winona,  Indiana. 

founded  in    1820,    and    is  the  oldest  of  ^,               --,c          ,           .   ,     _       . 

,      .                                               ,    ,      ,„  1  here  are  225  members  of  the  r  acuity  at 

the  larger  state  universities  of  the   West.  n,, 

Bloomington. 
The  University  was  opened  in  1824  when 

ten  students  entered.     The  growth  in  at-  The  camPus  contains  132  acres. 

tendance  during  recent  years  is  shown  by  There     are     24     buildings     valued     at 

the  following  five-year  table:  $1  0,33  759  y\ 

1901... ......1137 

icjQk                                     1^34  There  are  170,000  books  in  the  Library. 

1911 2431  Indiana    University    is    known    as    the 

l^lk —2669  "Mother  of  College   Presidents."     Thirty- 

1"^1-                             3914  two  former  students  are  now  presidents  of 

1"26 —                        5643  Colleges  and  Universities. 

In    1925    there    were   976    graduates,    a  Students,  Faculty,   and  other  friends  of 

larger  number  than  the  total  attendance  in  Indiana  University  have  recently  closed  a 

1  QQ7 

campaign  which   resulted   in  subscriptions 

The  schools  and  departments  at  Bloom-  amounting    to    $1,634,230.52    to    erect    a 

ington  are:  College  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Union  Building,  Women's  Dormitory,  and  a 

School    of    Education,    Graduate    School,  Stadium.     The    Women's    Dormitory    and 

School  of  Law,  School  of  Medicine,  School  the  Stadium  were  dedicated  last  November, 

of  Commerce  and  Finance,  School  of  Music,  The    total    gifts    to     Indiana    University 

Summer  School,   and   Extension   Division.  amount  to  more  than  three  million  dollars. 


Page  Twelve 


Medical  School  Building — Indianapolis 


INDIANA  SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE 


THE  desire  of  Indiana  University  to 
meet  the  increasing  opportunities 
for  service  to  the  people  of  the  state 
has  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  a  num- 
ber of  units  at  Indianapolis.  Among  these 
are  the  School  of  Medicine,  School  of 
Dentistry,  Training  School  for  Nurses,  the 
Robert  W.  Long  Hospital,  the  James 
Whitcomb  Riley  Hospital,  and  the  Extension 
Teaching  Service.  In  addition  to  the 
Indianapolis  extension  center  there  is  a 
center  at  Fort  Wayne. 

The  Medical  School,  which  is  the  only  one 
in  the  State  of  Indiana,  is  the  result  of  the 
union  of  the  Indiana  Medical  College,  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  the 
Central  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
the  State  College  of  Physicians,  all  of 
Indianapolis,  and  the  Fort  Wayne  College 
of  Medicine.  Thus  all  the  medical  interests 
of  the  state  are  united  in  one  organization 
known  as  the  Indiana  University  Medical 
School  which  has  an  A  rating  throughout 
the  United  States. 

The  Riley  Hospital  and  the  Long  Hospital 
furnish   excellent    teaching    facilities.     The 


Riley  Hospital  is  an  important  center  for 
social  work  in  child  welfare  for  the  state  of 
Indiana.  All  persons  who  are  unable  to 
pay  are  admitted  and  cared  for  free  of 
charge.  Pay  patients  are  received  at  fixed 
rates. 

The  Bobbs  and  City  Free  Dispensary 
maintained  by  the  University  is  the  only 
one  in  Indianapolis.  The  City  Hospital 
and  the  Central  Hospital  for  the  Insane  are 
used  freely  in  clinical  teaching. 

The  Ball  Brothers  of  Muncie  offered  to 
give  half  a  million  dollars  to  the  Riley 
Hospital  if  others  would  give  a  million 
dollars.  The  campaign  resulted  in  an 
oversubscription. 

The  Governor  and  the  Legislative  Budget 
Committee  have  approved  the  proposition 
to  purchase  the  old  Indiana  Medical 
building;  the  money  thus  obtained  will  be 
used  in  the  construction  of  an  addition  to 
the  medical  building  fronting  Michigan 
Street. 


Page  Thirteen 


Aerial  View  of  Campus 

This  view  shows  part  of  the  42  buildings  on  the  campus  and  farms  which 
serve  not  only  as  the  training  center  for  college  students,  but  also  as  the  source 
of  information  for  Indiana  agriculture  and  industry. 

PURDUE  UNIVERSITY 


PURDUE  University  is  one  of  the  two 
state  universities  supported  by  Indi- 
ana. It  owes  its  origin  to  the  Land 
Grant  Act  of  Congress  of  1862,  otherwise 
known  as  the  Morrill  Act,  and  to  the 
enactments  of  the  state  legislature  of  1865 
and  1869.  It  is  maintained  principally  by 
state  appropriations,  supplemented  by  var- 
ious federal  grants. 

Although  a  state  institution,  it  bears  the 
name  "Purdue,"  instead  of  that  of  the  state, 
because  of  the  gifts  from  John  Purdue,  a 
public -spirited  and  philanthropic  citizen  of 
Lafayette.  Graduate  and  undergraduate 
instruction  is  offered  through  the  Schools  of 
Agriculture,  Applied  Science,  Chemical, 
Civil,  Electrical,  and  Mechanical  Engineer- 
ing, Home  Economics  and  Pharmacy. 

A  recent  survey  for  an  alumni  record 
showed  that  the  training  received  in  the 
University  has  been  effective  and  enabled 


the  students  to  take  their  places  in  world 
affairs.  This  summary  which  included  6238 
of  the  8,715  graduates  prior  to  the  1924 
class,  showed  1,070  business  executives,  254 
of  whom  were  presidents,  336  managers, 
and  209  superintendents.  There  were  488 
farmers  and  livestock  raisers,  890  engineers, 
968  engaged  in  educational  work,  including 
three  college  presidents,  17  college  deans, 
and  377  other  staff  members  of  colleges  and 
universities.  The  survey  also  revealed  420 
in  public  employment  either  with  the  federal, 
state,  county  or  city  governments,  3 1 
bankers,  51  merchants,  58  authors  or 
publishers,  400  engaged  in  handling  trans- 
portation problems,  and  many  other  lines 
of  worthwhile   endeavor. 

Fifty-two  years  ago,  when  the  university 
opened  its  doors  for  the  first  time,  there  were 
three  buildings  on  the  original  plat  of  100 
acres  and  sixty-five  young  men  and  women 


Page  Fourteen 


Memorial  Union  Building 

Purdue  Memorial  Union  Building  resulted  from  a  gift  of  alumni,  students,  and 
friends  of  the  University  as  a  useful  and  lasting  memorial  to  the  4,006 
Purdue  men  and  women  in  the  World  War  and  the  66  who  lost  their  lives. 
This  substantial  structure  symbolizes  the  true,  sturdy  spirit  of  Indiana  people. 


comprised  the  student  body  for  the  six 
faculty  members.  Today  there  are  more 
than  40  buildings  on  the  campus  and  a 
student  body  of  about  3,600.  The  staff 
numbers  nearly  500,  and  the  number  of 
graduates  has  grown  from  one  the  first 
year  to  about  600  annually.  The  institution 
has  4,350  acres  of  land,  a  third  of  it  at 
Lafayette.  Most  of  the  remainder  is  scat- 
tered over  Indiana  to  serve  as  experimental 
or  demonstration  centers  for  the  farmers  of 
the  state.  The  university  maintains  exten- 
sive experiment  stations  in  agriculture  and 
engineering  and  also  carries  on  state-wide 
extension  work  in  both  these  fields. 

Perhaps  in  no  other  state  are  the  people 
generally  receiving  more  direct  help  from 
their  state  university  than  Hoosiers  get 
from  Purdue.  A  staff  of  45  men  and  women, 
specialists  in  their  respective  lines  of  en- 
deavor, go  about  the  state  continually 
broadcasting  the  latest  information  on 
agriculture  or  home  economics  subjects,  not 
merely  by  lectures  but  by  demonstrations 
The    knowledge    of     the    institution    thus 


is  taken  to  the  most  remote  corner  of  the 
state.  Last  year  504,000  men  and  women, 
fifth  of  the  Hoosier  state's  population, — 
were    reached    directly    by    these    workers. 

So  it  is  with  industry.  Extension  men 
carry  the  newest  ideas  to  factory  managers, 
superintendents,  foremen,  and  the  man  in 
the  shops.  These  men  necessarily  are 
fewer  in  number  than  those  on  the  land 
and  in  rural  homes,  but  despite  this  fact, 
10,000  of  them  were  given  direct  aid  the 
past  year. 

"Purdue's  sole  cause  for  existence  is 
service  to  the  people  of  the  state,  not  only 
in  the  training  of  young  people  here  on  the 
campus,  but  in  the  carrying  of  information 
out  to  residents  of  the  state  unable  to  come 
to  the  institution  for  its  advantages,"  is  a 
statement  of  the  aims  of  the  University. 
This  idea  of  service  instilled  in  the  hearts  of 
those  connected  with  the  institution,  ac- 
counts in  a  large  way  for  the  service  being 
given  the  residents  of  Indiana  by  their 
university. 


Page  Fift»»n 


Administration  Building 

INDIANA   STATE  NORMAL   SCHOOL  AT  TERRE  HAUTE 


THE  Indiana  State  Normal  School  was 
created  by  an  act  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  December  20,  1865. 
The  institution  began  its  work  on  January 
6,  1870.  The  current  year,  1925-26,  repre- 
sents, therefore,  the  56th  year  of  its  work 
as  a  teacher-training  institution. 

During  the  current  year,  over  3,000 
different  students  were  enrolled  in  its 
various  courses  and  since  the  organization 
of  the  school  not  less  than  75,000  different 
students  have  been  in  attendance  in  prepara- 
tion for  the  profession  of  teaching. 

The  material  equipment  of  the  Indiana 
State  Normal  School  consists,  at  present,  of 
eleven  separate  buildings  located  on  a 
campus  in  the  very  heart  of  the  city  of 
Terre  Haute.  Of  these  buildings  the  out- 
standing ones  are — the  large  Main  Building 
containing  also  the  offices  of  administration; 
a  splendid  Library  built  of  stone  and  housing 
over     100,000    volumes;    a    large    Science 


Hall  containing  modern  laboratories  in  all 
the  various  fields  of  science;  a  modern 
well-equipped  building  for  the  Industrial 
Arts  and  a  Training  School  for  practice 
teaching,  containing  all  the  grades  and  the 
four  years  of  a  standard  high  school. 

A  large  new  Residence  Hall  is  the  first 
of  a  series  of  buildings  to  house  in  increasing 
proportions   the   student    body. 

The  Faculty  of  the  institution  numbers 
about  100  members  and  has  been  selected 
for  the  express  purpose  of  training  teachers 
for  the  public  schools. 

Fourteen  different  departments  offer  every 
phase  of  work  required  in  the  public  schools. 

The  Courses  of  Study  in  the  institution 
are  those  authorized  by  law  and  approved 
by  the  State  Board  of  Education.  All  have 
been  planned  with  a  single  and  distinct 
purpose  in  view — to  prepare  candidates  for 
teaching  from  the  primary  grades  to  and 
through  the  commissioned  high  school. 


Pag*  8ixteen 


Science  Hall — Muncie 


INDIANA  STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL,  BALL  TEACHERS  COLLEGE 


THE  Indiana  State  Normal  School, 
Ball  Teachers  College,  located  at 
Muncie,  opened  its  doors  with  the 
beginning  of  the  summer  term,  June  17, 
1918,  with  an  enrollment  of  383  students. 
At  the  time  of  the  opening  of  this  state 
institution  the  property  consisted  of  70 
acres  of  land  upon  which  was  one  large 
school  building  and  a  dormitory,  the  remains 
of  a  defunct  private  institution.  This 
property  had  been  purchased  at  a  receiver's 
sale  by  the  Ball  Brothers,  wealthy  manu- 
facturers of  Muncie,  and  given  by  them  to 
the  state. 

From  the  first  the  school  has  made  rapid 
progress,  increasing  in  enrollment  about 
twenty  per  cent  each  year,  the  summer  term 
of  1926  having  an  attendance  of  1,351. 
With  the  growth  of  the  school  the  number  of 
buildings  have  steadily  increased.  In  the 
spring  of  1924  Science  Hall  was  completed 
at  a  cost  to  the  state  of  $300,000.  In  Jan- 
uary,  1925,  school  work  began  in  the  Ball 


Gymnasium,  just  completed,  costing  about 
$350,000,  another  gift  of  the  Ball  Brothers. 
At  present  there  is  nearing  completion  a 
Library  and  Assembly  Hall  built  by  the 
state;  a  girls'  dormitory  has  just  been 
started.  The  latter,  to  cost  $150,000,  is 
an  additional  gift  of  the  Ball  Brothers. 

Ball  Teachers  College  is  controlled  by  the 
same  board  of  trustees  as  the  division 
located  at  Terre  Haute.  The  two  divisions 
constitute  the  Indiana  State  Normal  School. 
For  several  years  the  same  president 
served  both  institutions,  but  it  soon  became 
impossible  for  one  person  to  carry  the  work 
and  responsibility,  and,  in  1924,  Benjamin 
J .  Burris,  at  that  time  State  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  of  Indiana,  was 
appointed  president  of  the  school  at  Muncie. 
He  assumed  the  duties  on  December  first 
of  that  year.  The  faculty  consists  of  about 
fifty  members  especially  prepared  to  train 
teachers. 


Vtqe  Seventeen 


THE    INDIANA   STATE 

THE  Indiana  State  School  for  the  Deaf, 
established  in  Indianapolis  in  1844,  has 
occupied  several  different  locations  in  the 
city,  and  since  1911  has  been  on  the  present  site, 
consisting  of  eighty  acres  of  land  in  the  northeast 
section  of  Indianapolis.  The  buildings,  of  buff 
brick  and  stone,  present  a  very  beautiful  appearance 
in  the  wooded  campus. 

The  school  is  free  to  the  children  of  the   state 
who   are    too  deaf  to   be   educated   in   the    public 


SCHOOL  FOR   THE   DEAF 

schools.  The  compulsory  school  law  applies  from 
the  ages  of  seven  to  eighteen  inclusive.  The 
enrollment  has  reached  the  number  of  three  hundred 
eighty-five,  being  about  equally  divided  between 
the  sexes.  The  school  term  is  nine  calendar  months 
in  length,  beginning  about  the  first  week  in  Sep- 
tember. The  course  of  study,  covering  twelve 
years,  is  designed  to  prepare  graduates  to  enter 
Gallaudet  College  at  Washington,  D.  C.  Industrial 
courses  are  emphasized  in  order  to  prepare  pupils  for 
various  occupations  after  finishing  school. 


INDIANA  SCHOOL 

BY  an  act  of  the  legislature,  approved  January 
27,  1847,  provision  was  made  to  establish 
the  Indiana  Institute  for  the  Education  of 
the  Blind.  On  October  1,  1847,  the  school  was 
opened  in  rented  rooms  until  suitable  buildings 
could  be  erected.  The  main  building  was  completed 
in  1853;  others  were  since  constructed  until  the 
whole  plant  now  consists  of  seven  buildings.  These 
front  on  Meridian  at  North  in  Indianapolis. 

The  name  was  changed  in   1907  to  the   Indiana 


FOR   THE   BLIND 

School  for  the  Blind,  and  its  operations  placed 
wholly  within  the  scope  of  the  public  school  system. 
Four  distinct  and  well  equipped  departments  are 
maintained:  (1)  physical  culture;  (2)  manual  and 
industrial  training;  (3)  the  school  of  music; 
(4)  the  school  of  common  and  high  school  branches. 
In  1923  provisions  were  made  for  a  new  site,  the 
present  one  being  given  as  a  part  of  the  Memorial 
Plaza.  The  new  school  will  be  located  at  Seventy- 
fifth  Street  and  College  Avenue. 


Page  Eightet  n 


INDIANA  STATE  SOLDIERS'  HOME 


THE  Indiana  State  Soldiers'  Home  is  situated 
on  the  Wabash  River,  four  miles  north  of 
Lafayette  and  three  miles  southwest  of  the 
famous  Tippecanoe  Battle  Ground.  Its  establish- 
ment was  made  possible  through  activities  started 
by  the  G.  A.  R.  at  the  Department  Encampment  in 
Indianapolis  in  1886.  In  1895  the  legislature  passed 
a  bill  for  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  this 
home,  which  was  opened  on  February  1,  1896,  but 
was  not  formally  dedicated  until  July  4. 

The  site  consists  of  187  acres  given  by  the  citizens 


of  Tippecanoe  County  and  the  city  of  Lafayette; 
the  latter  also  donated  55  acres  two  miles  southwest 
of  the  main  tract.  Colonel  R.  P.  DeHart  donated  a 
river  frontage  of  nearly  one-half  mile.  On  these 
grounds  are  nine  buildings  built  by  the  state,  and 
about  forty  cottages  built  by  various  counties,  the 
G.  A.  R.,  Women's  Relief  Corps  of  Indiana,  John 
A.  Logan  and  Marsh  B.  Taylor  Women's  Relief 
Corps,  and  John  A.  Logan  Circle,  Ladies  of  the 
G.  A.  R.,  all  of  Lafayette.  Other  buildings  were 
erected  by  the  Home. 


INDIANA  SOLDIERS'  AND 

THE  Indiana  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans' 
Home,  located  at  Knightstown,  was  estab- 
lished in  1865  as  a  private  undertaking,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  disabled  soldiers  and  seamen,  their 
widows,  and  orphans  under  the  name  of  Soldiers' 
and  Seamen's  Home.  In  1867  it  was  turned  over  to 
the  state  of  Indiana. 

Upon  the  establishment  of  a  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Home  at  Lafayette,  this  institution  was  maintained 


SAILORS'  ORPHANS'  HOME 

for  the  benefit  of  the  orphans  and  children  of 
honorably  discharged  soldiers,  sailors,  marines,  and 
nurses  of  the  United  States  Army,  in  any  of  its 
wars,  and  the  Regular  Army,  who  were  destitute  of 
means  of  education  and  support. 

The  population  is  about  three  hundred  and 
seventy-five  children,  with  a  capacityof  five  hundred. 
A  commissioned  high  school  is  maintained  on  the 
grounds,  giving  work  sufficient  for  college  entrance. 
Emphasis  is  placed  on  the  vocational  training. 


Pane  Nineteen 


INDIANA  FARM  COLONY 

THE  Indiana  Farm  Colony  for  Feeble-Minded 
was  established  in  1919  at  Butlerville, 
Jennings  County,  Indiana,  and  now  admits 
only  males  beyond  the  age  of  sixteen  who  have  been 
properly  committed  by  the  court,  and  who  are 
determined  admissible  by  the  superintendent. 
The  population  at  this  time  is  about  250,  but  it  will 
be  increased  as  time  goes  on.  There  are  1 ,800 
acres  of  land  in  the  tract,  and  although  many  new 
birldings  have  been  constructed,  the  institution  is 


FOR   FEEBLE-MINDED 

still  in  the  formative  period.  The  industries  on 
this  land  can  be  developed  to  considerable  advantage 
to  the  state.  At  this  time  the  chief  productions 
are  farm  and  dairy  products  and  crushed  rock. 

Since  1925  this  institution  has  been  under  the 
same  Board  of  Trustees  and  Superintendency  as 
the  Indiana  School  for  Feeble-Minded  Youth  at 
Fort  Wayne,  a  union  which  has  numerous  advan- 
tages in  the  operation  of  the  two  institutions. 


INDIANA  SCHOOL   FOR 

THE  Indiana  School  for  Feeble-Minded  Youth. 
located  near  Fort  Wayne,  was  founded  in 
1879  at  Knightstown,  Indiana.  It  has  been 
located  in  Fort  Wayne  since  1888  and  now  has  a 
capacity  of  nearly  l.bOO  inmates.  Cases  are  ac- 
cepted only  through  court  commitment  of  males 
between  six  and  sixteen,  and  females  between  six 
and  forty-five  years  of  age.  Besides  caring  for 
nearly  1 ,000  acres  of  productive  farm  land,  training 
in  the   lines  of  academic  work,  tailoring,  shoemak- 


FEEBLE-MINDED  YOUTH 

ing,  carpentry,  painting,  mattress  making,  baking, 
printing,  sewing,  and  laundry  work  is  emphasized. 
The  institution  maintains  a  parole  system  and  also 
an  out-patient  department  for  the  study  and  care 
of  cases  in  the  community. 

The  institution  as  a  whole  has  an  inventory  close 
to  two  million  dollars,  and  the  yearly  per  capita 
cost  of  operating  is  in  the  neighborhood  of  two 
hundred  dollars. 


Page  Twenty 


INDIANA  VILLAGE   FOR   EPILEPTICS 


THE  Indiana  Village  for  Epileptics,  established 
by  legislative  enactment  of  1905  for  the 
scientific  treatment,  education,  employment, 
and  custody  of  epileptic  residents  of  the  state,  is 
located  on  a  tract  of  1.334.8  acres  three  miles  north 
of  Newcastle.  Approximately  two  miles  in  length 
by  one  mile  in  breadth,  the  tract  is  divided  in  its 
length  by  the  Blue  River  Valley. 

The   general   plan   for  development   utilizes  this 


valley  as  a  division  for  sexes  and  provides  on  each 
side  three  groups  of  buildings  as  follows:  adults  of 
the  better  class,  children  of  the  better  class,  low 
grade  adults  and  children. 

The  institution  as  planned  has  a  capacity  of  1 ,250, 
but  by  the  addition  of  small  cottages  this  can  be 
increased  to  1,500  or  1,800.  At  present  the  popu- 
lation is  478  males  and  220  females,  a  total  of  698 
patients. 


BOARD  OF    INDUSTRIAL 

THE  legislature,  realizing  the  need  of  remedial 
legislation,  in  its  sixty-ninth  General  Assem- 
bly enacted  a  law  creating  a  commission 
known  as  the  Board  of  Industrial  Aid  for  the  Blind. 
Immediately  upon  the  enactment  of  this  law  the 
board  became  active.  A  register  of  all  the  blind 
in  the  state  has  been  prepared  and  maintained; 
agents  have  been  placed  in  the  field  for  the  purpose 
of  visiting  and  stimulating  despondent  blind,  giving 
instructions;  women  have  been  provided  with 
employment  in  their  homes;  and  shops  have  been 


AID  FOR   THE  BLIND 

established  for  the  training  and  employment  of 
suitable  blind  persons.  The  sales  of  products  of 
the  institution  during  the  last  fiscal  year  amounted 
to  $105,097.31,  while  $27,167.11  was  paid  in  wages 
to  blind  employes. 

The  legislature  in  lc'23,  recognizing  the  great 
value  of  this  work  to  the  blind,  appropriated  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars  for  an  industrial  building. 
The  erection  of  this  building  on  West  Thirtieth 
Street,  Indianapolis,  has  made  possible  an  extension 
of  the  work. 


Page  Twt  nfn  ont 


THE    INDIANA 

THE  legislature  of  1869  provided  for  a  State 
Correctional  School  which  became  operative 
in  1873  and  functioned  in  Indianapolis 
thirty-four  years.  During  this  time  1,663  girls 
were  admitted.  In  1907  the  girls  were  moved  to 
the  new  school  eight  miles  out  of  Indianapolis, 
where  2,159  girls  have  been  received,  making  3,712 
admissions  in  the  fifty-three  years. 

The  plant  consists  of  187  acres,  a  hospital,  school 
building,  power  house,  and  ten  cottages  grouped 
around  a  shaded  open  campus  of  twenty-five  acres. 


GIRLS'  SCHOOL 

Each  cottage  is  a  complete  unit  having  its  own 
kitchen,  dining  room,  laundry,  and  playgrounds. 
Girls  are  committed  between  the  ages  of  ten  and 
eighteen,  and  are  confined  until  twenty.  A  girl 
is  paroled,  however,  as  soon  as  she  can  show  a  clean 
bill  of  health,  continuous  excellent  conduct  record, 
and  has  creditably  finished  a  complete  course  in 
home  economics,  both  scientific  and  practical.  It 
is  possible  for  a  girl  to  meet  these  requirements  in 
one  vear. 


INDIANA 

THIS  school,  established  by  the  legislature  in 
1867,  was  originally  called  The  House  of 
Refuge  for  Juvenile  Offenders.  In  1883  the 
name  was  changed  to  The  Indiana  Reform  School 
for  Boys,  and  in  1903  to  The  Indiana  Boys'  School. 
Its  purpose  is  the  reformation,  education,  and 
training  of  delinquent  and  incorrigible  boys  com- 
mitted to  its  care  by  the  Juvenile  Courts. 

Boys  are  committed  between  the  ages  of  ten  and 
sixteen,  to  remain  until  twenty-one,  but  a  parole 


BOYS'  SCHOOL 

may  be  earned  in  sixteen  months  if  a  boy  is  eighteen 
years  old.  The  average  stay  in  the  school  is  twenty 
months.  The  usual  population  is  about  500. 
Throughout  the  year  the  boys  receive  academic, 
vocational,  and  military  training. 

The  school  is  located  on  a  tract  of  980  acres 
adjoining  Plainfield.  Land  and  improvements  are 
valued  at  $75,000.00.  The  annual  cost  of  main- 
tenance   is   approximately    $160,000.00. 


Page  Twenty-two 


I  INDIANA  REFORMATORY 


THE  first  state  institution  established  in 
Indiana  was  the  State  Prison  at  Jefferson- 
ville.  It  was  authorized  by  the  legislature 
on  January  9,  1821.  By  an  act  of  the  legislature, 
December  15,  1921,  a  new  site  was  obtained  near 
Pendleton  where  this  institution  was  opened  on 
November   19,   1923. 

The  Reformatory  exists  solely  for  the  inmates 
confined  within  its  walls.  Its  business  is  to  educate 
the  ignorant;  to  create  habits  of  industry;  to  instill 
moral  and  religious  principles;  to  return  to  society 


better  men  than  society  committed  to  its  keeping. 

Inmates  are  placed  under  the  instruction  of 
competent  teachers  who  have  had  experience  in 
the  public  schools  of  the  state.  Various  trade 
schools  have  been  put  into  operation. 

In  administering  discipline  no  favoritism  is 
shown.  When  the  rules  are  violated,  the  violator 
is  disciplined.  Chapel  services  are  held  each  Sun- 
day, very  much  like  those  of  the  ordinary  church. 
Topics  discussed  are  ethical  and  evangelical. 


INDIANA  STATE   PRISON 


THE  Indiana  State  Prison,  located  at  Michigan 
City,  was  authorized  in  1859.  In  1897  the 
legislature  enacted  the  indeterminate  sen- 
tence law  and  provided  that  this  institution  should 
receive  all  men  convicted  and  sentenced  by  the 
courts  of  Indiana  who  were  thirty  years  or  older,  or 
of  a  younger  age  if  the  conviction  carried  a  life 
sentence. 

The  walled  enclosure  contains  22  acres  with  an 
adjoining  garden  of  80  acres.  A  large  portion  of 
the  vegetables  and  dairy  products  used  are  supplied 


from  a  400  acre  farm  operated  with  prison  labor. 

In  1909  an  Indiana  Hospital  for  Insane  Criminals 
was  established  to  be  a  part  of  this  institution. 
This  was  erected  entirely  with  prison  labor  and  put 
into  operation  in  1912.  It  now  has  a  capacity  of 
230.  Occupational  therapy  was  inaugurated  in 
191b. 

The  institution  throughout  is  modern  in  its  cell 
houses,  dormitories,  and  equipment,  and  is  con- 
ducted   along    the    most  modern  ideas  for  prisons. 

Paye  Twenty-three 


INDIANA 

THE  Indiana  State  Farm  is  situated  on  the 
National  Road,  forty-two  miles  west  of 
Indianapolis,  near  Greencastle.  It  was  es- 
tablished for  the  purpose  of  depopulating  the 
various  jails  of  the  state  to  which  in  former  years 
men  and  boys  were  committed  to  serve  for  minor 
infractions  of  the  laws.  Such  cases  are  now  com- 
mitted to  the  Farm. 

The  institution  comprises  nearly  1 ,900  acres  on 
which     farming,     gardening,     dairying,     and     fruit 


STATE  FARM 

growing  are  done,  and  industries  are  operated  for 
the  manufacture  of  brick,  hollow  building  tile  and 
drain  tile,  crushed  stone  for  road  purposes,  and 
ground  limestone  for  agricultural  use.  Willows 
grown  on  the  Farm  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
baskets,  hampers,  and  furniture. 

In  twelve  years  of  existence  the  institution  has 
had  two  building  programs,  the  first  for  frame 
structures,  and  a  permanent  program  for  buildings 
of  brick  and  tile. 


INDIANA  WOM 

THE  Indiana  Woman's  Prison,  Io;ated  in 
Indianapolis,  was  built  in  1873.  In  June 
of  that  year  Mrs.  Sara  J.  Smith  was  appoint- 
ed first  Superintendent.  Seventeen  prisoners  were 
transferred  to  the  Indiana  Reformatory  Institution 
(as  it  was  then  called)  from  the  Jeffersonville  Prison. 
In  1905  the  legislature  changed  the  statutes, 
placing  the  girls  in  a  separate  institution  from  the 
women.  After  building  a  Girls'  School  and 
transferring  these  inmates  in  1907,  the  Correctional 


W'S  PRISON 

Department  was  opened  for  receiving  wom:n  who 
had  formerly  been  sentenced  to  serve  their  terms  in 
the  county  jails.  When  brought  to  the  Correctional 
Department,  they  are  taught  laundry,  cooking, 
sewing,  and  other  trades  which  they  can  use  if 
they  desire  when  they  go  out  into  the  world  again. 
The  grounds  have  been  developed  in  the  past 
fifteen  years.  Fruit  and  vegetables  raised  in  large 
quantities  are  used  both  while  fresh  and  when 
canned,  helping  materially  towards  the  maintenan:e 


I'tiijf  Twenty-four 


'■■-  —Pa 


I.   -*2inh+-fr.tm 


INDIANA  STATE  SANATORIUM 


THE  General   Assembly,   on  March   8,    1907, 
authorized    the    establishment    of  a    hospital 
for     the      treatment      of     early      pulmonary 
tuberculosis.     A    site    containing    504    acres,    four 
miles  east  of  Rockville,  was  purchased  in  September, 
1908. 

The  hospital  was  opened  April  1,  1911.  Only 
legal  residents  in  the  state,  with  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis, are  admitted,  preference  being  given  to 
indigent  citizens.  Such  persons  are  admitted  on 
the  certificate  of  a  township  trustee,  and  a  medical 
certificate  submitted  by  a  physician. 


By  an  act  of  the  legislature  in  1921 ,  an  appropria- 
tion was  made  for  a  children's  building  which  was 
completed  in  1923,  increasing  the  capacity  of  the 
institution  from  80  to  170.  Since  the  opening  of 
the  institution,  3,b98  patients  have  been  admitted. 
About  700  of  these  have  been  children  under 
sixteen  years.  A  school  for  the  children  is  main- 
tained with  hours  so  arranged  that  they  do  not 
interfere  with  the  needed  rest  periods.  Courses 
are  given  in  manual  training,  domestic  science,  and 
other  occupational  work. 


T 


INDIANA  HOSPITALS  FOR  THE   INSANE 

HE  various  Insane  Hospitals  of  the  state  are  grouped  on  the  following  page.  The  same  law  applies 
to  all  these  institutions  as  to  receiving  and  caring  for  patients  and  all  are  equipped  with  modern  con- 
veniences characteristic  of  such  hospitals.      Expense  of  maintaining  these  hospitals  is  paid  by  the  state  . 


The  Central  Hospital  was  established  in  1845  at 
the  present  site  in  Indianapolis.  Not  until  1848 
were  patients  received.  The  pathological  labor- 
atory, pictured,  is  the  first  and  largest  of  its  kind  in 
the  United  States.  The  hospital  has  received  more 
than  32,000  patients  since  it  was  opened.  Courses 
of  clinical  teaching  for  medical  students,  courses  in 
social  psychiatry  for  social  workers,  and  in  forensic 
psychiatry  for  attorneys  and  law  students  are  given 
at  the  hospital 

The  Northern  Hospital,  known  as  "Longcliff, 
at  Logansport,  was  started  in  1883  and  received  its 
first  patient  in  July,  1888.  Longcliff  receives  its 
patients  from  eleven  counties  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  state.  The  institution  is  built  on  the  cottage 
plan  with  a  1300  capacity.  There  are  625  acres  of 
land  upon  which  extensive  farming  is  carried  on. 

The  Eastern  Hospital,  "Easthaven,"  at  Rich- 
mond, was  started  in  1  883  and  was  partly  completed 


in  1887,  being  occupied  by  the  School  for  Feeble- 
Minded  Youth.  This  school  was  moved  to  its 
present  location  near  Fort  Wayne  in  1890  and  in 
July  of  that  year  "Easthaven'"  received  its  first 
patients.  Seventeen  counties  of  the  northeastern 
part  of  the  state  is  its  field  of  work. 

"I  he  Southern  Hospital,  "Woodmere,"  is  situated 
four  miles  east  of  Evansville.  This  site  was  selected 
in  1884  and  the  first  patients  were  received  in  1890. 
Woodmere  receives  its  patients  from  twelve  counties 
of  southern  Indiana. 

The  Southeastern  Hospital  is  located  at  Madison, 
overlooking  the  valley  of  the  Ohio  river.  The  site, 
containing  l,2b5  acres,  was  selected  in  1905,  and 
the  first  patients  were  received  in  1910.  It  was 
built  to  relieve  the  crowded  condition  of  the  Central 
Hospital  and  now  receives  patients  from  thirty 
counties  in  the  south  and  southeastern  part  of 
the  state. 


Page  T wenty-fivt 


INDIANA  HOSPITALS  FOR  THE  INSANE 


Page  T 'wenly-six 


INDIANA  BOARD  OF  HEALTH 


THE  first  State  Health  Law  of  Indiana, 
which  also  provided  for  a  State 
Board  of  Health,  was  enacted  by  the 
legislature  of  1881.  The  first  State  Health 
Commissioner  was  Dr.  Thaddeus  M.  Stev- 
ens, of  Indianapolis.  Dr.  Stevens  served 
from  November  3,  1881.  to  March  15,  1883. 
Dr.  E.  R.  Hawn  succeeded  Dr.  Stevens, 
serving  until  his  death,  September  b,  1883. 
Dr.  E.  S.  Elder  served  from  September  6, 
1883,  to  May  8,  1885.  Dr.  C.  N.  Metcalf 
served  from  May  8,  1885,  to  his  death 
March  10,  18%.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Dr.  J.  N.  Hurty,  who  served  from  March  12, 
18%,  to  October  1,  1922.  Dr.  Wm.  F. 
King  is  now  serving. 

Good  public  health  administration  rests 
upon  a  three-fold  basis:  legislation,  organi- 
zation, and  education.  Indiana  has  always 
occupied  a  leading  place  in  the  enactment  of 
salutary  health  laws.  The  Health  Law  of 
1881  was  amended  in  1891  and  again 
amended  in  1909.  The  model  Vital  Statis- 
tics Law  was  enacted  in  1907,  a  Quarantine 
Law  in  1903,  a  Pure  Food  and  Drug  Law  in 
1907,  a  Sanitary  Food  Law  in  1909,  a 
Sanitary  Schoolhouse  Law  in  191  1,  a  model 
School  Inspection  Law  in  191 1 ,  a  law  for  the 
Prevention  of  Infant  Blindness  in  1911,  a 
Hydrophobia  Law  in  1911,  a  Diphtheria 
Antitoxin  Law  in  1907,  a  Public  Water 
Supply  Law  in  1913,  an  Anti-Tuberculosis 
Law  in  1915,  a  Housing  Law  in  1913,  an 
Insanitary  Dwelling  Law  in  1917,  a  County 
Tuberculosis  Hospital  Law  in  1920,  a  model 
Bakery  Law  in  1919,  a  Water  Analysis  Law 
in  1919,  and  various  other  laws  indirectly 
related  to  public  health  are   in   force. 

The  State  Health  Department  has  de- 
veloped from  a  Secretary  and  stenographer 
in  1896  to  the  present  organization  of  eleven 
divisions  and  departments  with  a  personnel 
of  approximately  100  employes,  rendering 
a  distinct  and  invaluable  service  to  the 
commonwealth  of   Indiana. 


That  effective  educational  work  has  been 
carried  out  is  shown  by  a  reduction  of  death 
rates  per  100,000  population  from  certain 
preventable  causes  in  the  years  from  1%2 
to  1924:  diphtheria  from  15.2  to  8.1 ;  scarlet 
fever   from   48.3    to  7.1;   tuberculosis   from 


John  Newell  Hurty,  M.  D. 
Pioneer  and  Leader   in   Public   Health.      He   Gave 
the   Best   of  His   Life   in   Devotion   to   the   Public 
Health  Cause   in  Which  He  Believed,  and  to  the 
Service  of  the  People  of  Indiana  Whom  He  Loved. 

15b. 7  to  84.0.  The  mortality  of  infants 
under  one  year  of  age,  per  1,000  births, 
has  been   reduced    from    10b  to  b5. 

The  work  of  the  Department  touches 
practically  every  phase  of  business  activity 
and  every  business  interest  in  the  state. 
The  function  of  the  State  Health  Depart- 
ment is  largely  that  of  advising  and  assisting 
county,  city,  and  town  health  officials  and 
departments  and  of  correlating  and  super- 
vising the  public  work  of  the  state  as  a 
whole. 

Health,  physical  and  mental,  is  the  foun- 
dation of  all  prosperity  and  happiness.  It  is 
the  quality  of  life  that  renders  the  individual 
fit  to  live  most  and  serve  best. 


Pact  Twenty-S'ren 


PIONEERS    OF 

ORGANIZED 

CHARITY 


Thimothy  Nicholson 


Oscar  C.MGCulloch 


INDIANA  STATE  CHARITIES 


THE  Board  of  State  Charities,  estab- 
lished by  an  act  of  the  legislature  of 
1889,  maintains  general  supervision 
over  the  whole  system  of  public  charities 
and  the  correctional  institutions  of  the 
state.  Its  duty  is  to  inspect,  advise,  report 
conditions  to  the  Governor  and  to  local 
administrative  officials,  recommend  to  them 
the  improvements  needed,  and  suggest  to 
the  legislature  such  new  laws  as  seem 
desirable.  The  Board  has  six  members, 
appointed  by  the  Governor,  who  is  himself 
president,  ex-officio.  They  serve  without 
pay.  They  appoint  an  executive  officer, 
who  in  turn  appoints  the  employes.  The 
different  departments  of  the  office  have 
supervision  over  dependent  children  in 
foster  homes,  the  licensing  of  maternity 
hospitals  and  child-caring  agencies,  the 
relief  of  the  poor,  the  deportation  of  non- 
resident dependents,  the  inspection  of  insti- 
tutions, the  collection  of  statistics,  and  the 
general  office  work. 

From  the  beginning  it  has  been  the  policy 
of  the  Board  to  encourage  a  feeling  of  local 
responsibility  for  anti-social  conditions  and 
to  bring  about  reforms  through  education 
of  public  sentiment  The  State  Conference 
on  Social   Work,    held   annually   under   its 


auspices,  brings  together  both  official  and 
voluntary  workers  to  exchange  views  and 
discuss  methods,  thereby  creating  helpful 
and  friendly  relations  within  the  entire  field 
of  social  endeavor.  The  twenty  state  char- 
itable and  correctional  institutions  have 
developed  gradually  and  with  a  continuity 
of  plan  which  makes  for  permanent  growth. 
They  are  operated  on  a  non-partisan  basis, 
under  a  uniform  law,  each  having  its  own 
board  of  trustees.  In  the  counties  there  are 
the  circuit  and  juvenile  courts,  the  board  of 
children's  guardians,  the  board  of  county 
charities,  the  attendance  and  probation 
officers,  and  a  public  relief  official,  the 
township  trustee,  in  each  township.  There 
are  at  present  21  county  general  hospitals 
and  5  county  tuberculosis  hospitals.  The 
state  and  county  institutions  have  21,000 
inmates,  and  the  expenses  of  these  and  of 
township  poor  relief  amount  to  nearly  nine 
million  dollars  annually. 

A  report  to  the  Governor,  for  the  use 
of  the  legislature,  is  published  annually. 
There  is  published  each  quarter  the  Indiana 
Bulletin  of  Charities  and  Correction,  one 
number  of  which  contains  the  proceedings 
of  the  State  Conference  on  Social  Work. 


Page  Twenty-eight 


PUBLIC   SCHOOLS  AND  LIBRARIES 

THE  constitution  of  Indiana  provides  for  a  general 
and  uniform  system  of  public  schools  which  shall 
forever  be  free  and  equally  open  to  all.  Little  did 
the  framers  of  our  state  constitution  realize  the  extent 
to  which  the  public  school  system  of  Indiana  would 
develop.  Within  the  past  hundred  years  Indiana  has 
progressed  from  the  log  schoolhouse,  lacking  in  equip- 
ment, to  the  modern  educational  structure,  fully 
equipped  to  be  of  the  utmost  value  to  the  boys  and 
girls  of  Indiana.  Accompanying  this  material  progress, 
there  has  been  an  equal  development  in  the  course  of 
study,  supervision,  and  the  teaching  personnel. 


Pioneer  Log  School 


The  public  school  enrollment  in  Indiana  has  grown  from  a  small  group  of  privileged  students 
to  approximately  650,000  boys  and  girls.  The  compulsory  age  in  Indiana  is  from  7  to  16,  and 
it  is  a  matter  of  no  small  amount  of  pride  that  96.3    per  cent  of  all  the  children  between 

the  ages  of  7  and  16  are  in  their  seats 
every  day  of  the  school  year. 

In  terms  of  finance,  the  school  sys- 
tem which  started  with  an  investment 
of  only  a  few  dollars,  may  now  be 
comparatively  said  to  represent  an 
investment  of  more  than  $125,000,000. 
The  permanent  school  fund  of  Indiana 
is  $15,500,000,  the  income  from  which 
is  forever  to  be  devoted  to  the  public 
schools  of  the  state.  The  total  an- 
nual school  expenditure  for  the  state  is 
A  Consolidated  Country  School  $72,000,000. 


From  the  few  Hoosier  schoolmasters  of  over  a  century  ago,  we  have  now  enlisted  in  active 
teaching  service  some  25,000  men  and  women.  Not  only  has  the  number  increased  but  the 
quality  of  the  teacher  has  improved 
due  to  the  Indiana  Teachers'  Training 
and  License  Law  which  is  regarded  as 
one  of  the  best  of  any  state  in  the 
Union.  An  adequate  Teachers'  Retire- 
ment Fund  has  been  established. 

There  are  in  Indiana  213  free  public 
libraries,  of  which  181  are  housed  in 
their  own  buildings.  They  own  2,557,- 
777  books  and  extend  service  to  312 
townships.  The  total  expenditure  in 
1925  was  $1,586,658  and  the  circula- 
tion for  home  reading  was  10,841,612. 
The  State  Library  supplements  this 
service. 


A  Public  Library 


Page  Twenty-nine 


The  Coliseum 


INDIANA  BOARD  OF  AGRICULTURE 


THE  Indiana  State  Fair  was  established 
in  1852;  thus  it  is  now  seventy-four 
years  old.  It  was  held  for  almost 
forty  years  with  extremely  meager  surround- 
ings. Then  a  new  site  was  purchased,  and 
in  1892  the  first  fair  was  held  on  the  present 
grounds  which  seemed  at  that  time  to  be 
entirely  too  far  from  the  city  and  difficult 
to  reach,  but  which  are  now  considered 
easily  accessible.  Fairly  good  frame  build- 
ings were  provided  for  most  of  the  exhibits. 

In  1911  the  state  gave  its  first  real 
financial  aid  by  appropriating  $100,000.00 
for  a  coliseum — the  building  shown  above — 
and  $10,000.00  annually  for  premiums  on 
live-stock,  horticulture,  art  work,  and 
racing. 

The  fair  continued  with  few  changes  for 
another  period  of  approximately  ten  years, 
or  until  1921.  During  the  legislature  of 
1921,  the  state  took  over  the  entire  property 
of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  consisting 
of  214  acres  and  improvements  valued  at 
$1,500,000.00  without  cost,  other  than 
assuming  the  liabilities  amounting  to  ap- 
proximately $350,000.00.  Now  it  is  strictly 
the  state's  property. 


At  this  time  the  legislature  also  made  it 
possible  for  the  board  to  float  a  bond  issue 
to  the  amount  of  $1,000,000.00  for  a  build- 
ing and  improvement  program,  but  cancelled 
the  annual  appropriation  of  $10,000.00;  thus 
at  present  no  appropriation  is  being  received 
to  assist  in  the  holding  of  a  state  fair. 

With  the  new  buildings  to  house  exhibits 
and  accommodate  visitors,  the  fair  has  more 
than  doubled  in  every  way  of  advancement 
during  the  past  five  years.  More  new 
buildings  must  be  added  to  complete  the 
plans  and  make  the  Indiana  State  Fair  and 
its  equipment  second  to  none  in  the  United 
States. 

The  Board  of  Agriculture  is  governed' by 
a  representative  from  each  of  the  thirteen 
congressional  districts,  three  appointed  by 
the  Governor,  and  the  Dean  of  Purdue 
University  and  Governor  are  ex-ofncio 
members. 

In  1921  the  attendance  was  136,361,  with 
930  exhibitors  as  compared  with  202,570 
admissions  and  2320  exhibitors  in  1925. 
Five  days  were  deemed  too  short  a  period 
for  proper  judging  of  all  exhibits;  so  an  eight- 
day  fair  was  decided  upon  beginning  with 
1926. 


Pajt   Thirty 


A  Roadway,  Fill,  and  Bridge  Near  Bedford  on  the  Dixie  Highway 

STATE  HIGHWAY  DEPARTMENT 


SINCE  the   Indiana  Highway   Depart- 
ment   was    created    six    and    one-half 
years  ago,   the  state  has  invested   55 
million    dollars    for    improving    the    road 
system:  43  million  derived  from  state  funds 
and  about  12  million  from  Federal  aid. 

This  gigantic  business,  creating  more 
prosperity  and  satisfaction  in  our  common- 
wealth than  any  other  single  governmental 
agency,  has  been  conducted  for  the  re- 
markably low  overhead  or  supervising  cost 
of  3  cents  on  the  dollar  per  annum — meaning 
that  for  each  dollar  spent  97  cents  actually 
went  into  roads. 

With  an  expenditure  of  approximately  1  5 
million  dollars  in  1926,  during  which  250 
miles  of  pavement  will  be  laid  on  major 
traffic  lanes,  the  state  road  system  will 
show  at  the  end  of  this  year  approximately 
1,500  miles  of  pavement.  In  addition  there 
will  have  been  constructed  more  than  500 
bridges  of  over  20-foot  span  having  a  total 
waterway  of  6.63  miles.  Three  thousand 
miles  of  stone  and  gravel  surfaces  are 
maintained   to   permit    all-season    traffic. 

Since  its  inception  in  1919  this  depart- 
ment  has   built   thousands  of  bridges  and 


culverts  under  20-foot  span,  widened 
hundreds  of  miles  of  non-rigid  type  high- 
ways, marked  the  entire  system  with 
standard  guide,  information,  and  warning 
signs,  built  guard  rails  and,  with  its  own 
construction  forces,  laid  many  miles  of  tar 
and  asphaltic  types  of  surface,  and  surface- 
treated  hundred  of  miles  of  stone  and  gravel 
roads  for  retention  of  loose  materials  and 
prevention  of  dust. 

It  is  confidently  expected  that  at  the 
close  of  the  1927  construction  season  there 
will  be  completed  three  paved  north  and 
south  roads  and  three  paved  east  and  west 
roads  across  the  commonwealth.  These  are 
transcontinental  Federal  highways  connect- 
ing at  the  state  line  with  paved  roads 
crossing  the  continent. 

The  Indiana  system  of  4,311  miles  was 
selected  from  a  total  of  73,111  miles  of  all 
types,  yet  with  such  care  and  foresight  that 
each  county  seat  city  is  touched,  and  each 
town  of  even  2,500  population  except  four 
are  on  a  state  highway.  Eighty-five  per 
cent  of  the  state's  population  is  directly 
served  by  state  roads,  and  the  remaining  1  5 
per  cent  drive  only  short  distances  over 
county  laterals  to  reach  a  state  highway. 


Page  Thirty-me 


For  more  than  forty  years  Indiana  has 
enjoyed  distinction  as  a  good  roads  state, 
due  to  the  County  Unit  and  Three-mile 
Gravel  Road  Laws  and  extensive  use  of  vast 
deposits  of  native  gravel  and  stone.  When 
the  state  system  was  laid  out  it  was  possible 
to  take  over  a  substantial  mileage  of 
improved  highways. 


National  Road,  West  of  Indianapolis — Bef< 

The  Indiana  highway  law, 
matching  of  federal  aid,  and 
use  of  surplus  war  material, 
plus  intensive  development, 
are  chiefly  responsible  in  the 
last  decade  for  so  much  prog- 
ress where  finances  are 
limited  and  traffic  demands, 
owing  to  the  state's  geographic 
location,  are  more  intense  than 
in  some  states  with  greater 
population. 

This  law  specifies  a  bi-par- 
tisan commission  that  selects 
its  director  for  fitness  and  ability  and  with- 
out political  dictum.  It  finances  without 
burdensome  taxation,  raising  funds  by  a 
3-cent  tax  on  gasoline  for  automotive 
vehicles,  sale  of  license  plates,  and  matching 
federal  monies.  One  cent  of  the  gasoline 
tax  or  approximately  $3,000,000  each  year, 
is  apportioned  to  92  counties  and  cities  on 
a  basis  of  county  road  and  street  mileage. 
This  law  is  said  by  representatives  of  some 
twenty  states  who  investigated,  to  be  one 

Page  Thirlij-lwo 


of  the  best  enacted,  because  it  finances  by 
taxing  only  actual  road  users.  Our  con- 
stitution prevents  issuance  of  bonds  for 
state  road  building  and  subsequent  costly 
interest  and  liquidation.  Indiana  pays 
for  its  roads  as  it  builds;  future  generations 
receive  a  legacy,  not  a  huge  debt. 

There  are  in  possession  of  this  department 
1,321  motor  vehicles,  all  of 
which,  with  few  exceptions, 
represent  gifts  from  the  federal 
government.  Nearly  1,100 
vehicles,  898  of  which  are 
trucks,  are  in  actual  use  today 
on  roads.  Without  this  sur- 
plus war  equipment  Indiana 
never  could  have  built  and 
maintained  the  present  road 
system,  for  when  most  of  this 
surplus  was  received,  there 
was  no  money  available  for 
purchasing    new    road    equip- 


After  Paving 

ment.  It  was  necessary  to  spend  about 
$900  converting  each  war  truck  to  road 
use,  but  by  making  changes  and  repairs 
there  were  obtained  vehicles  which  do 
the  work  of  trucks  costing  $4,000  and 
$5,000  each. 

Aside  from  motor  equipment  there  has 
been  received  from  the  Federal  Government 
other  war  surplus  that  was  disposed  of  at 
advantageous  prices,  netting  more  than 
$100,000  for  the  road  fund. 


zzsax  ^ 

LEGEND 


SWC  CAPITAL         -  ^l\/>K\Aft)US  i^NCOnPOTATCDTCWNS 

CCWvtt  scat  ■—   -•  c*On*Wf  EP2 

NOTE  -5'*te  m;— *i.c  art  y^(0  By  ISOMERS  LOCATTO  ON      fl'g*1 


sw       I9Z6 

STATE  HIGHWAY 
SYSTEM 

INDIANA 


•-Y  INDIANA  STATE  HIGHWAY  COMMISSION 

TYPES       OF  ROADS  Charles  W.  Zcicl»r.  Chairman 

PAVED  ^^  JutinO.Willioiiig.Diractar 

GRAVEL  OR    STONE           

earth  ,__  JANUARY- 1926 

CONNECTING   ROAOS  .          ,          „         „         „        g 

Of  ADJOINING   STATES  — ^—  ™           rc'no'  mf^j 
Ctype   not   indicated) 


__— 


7         1 


fijf  Thirty-three 


INDIANA  DEPARTMENT  OF  CONSERVATION 


THERE  are  three  great  resources: 
natural,  converted,  and  human.  Nat- 
ural resources  are  the  material  out 
of  which  industry,  through  its  manifold 
and  complex  processes,  supplies  the  daily 
wants,  the  comforts,  and  even  luxuries  of 
human  kind,  that  most  important  of  our 
resources. 

This  is  the  thought  which  has  governed 
conservation  work  since  1919  when  the 
offices  of  the  State  Geologist,  the  State 
Entomologist,  the  State  Forester,  the 
Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Game,  and  the 
semi-official  State  Park  Committee  were 
consolidated.  In  its  present  organization 
the  Department  serves  not  only  as  an  ex- 
cellent example  of  the  manner  in  which 
boards  and  commissions  may  be  consolidat- 
ed, but  also  remains  in  a  position  econom- 
ically to  absorb  still  other  such  agencies. 
This  one  department  now  does  in  co-ordinate 
fashion  the  work  which  formerly  would  have 
required  the  services  of  sixteen  boards  and 
commissions. 

The  reorganization  into  the  Department 
of  Conservation,  along  with  its  simplifica- 
tion, brought  increased  efficiency.  The 
excellent  results  in  the  Division  of  Fish  and 
Game  are  mentioned  elsewhere.  A  similar 
condition  exists  in  the  Division  of  Ento- 
mology. 

Through  its  six  divisions  this  Department 
controls  some  ninety  distinct  agencies,  of 
which  eighteen  in  the  form  of  State  Parks, 
State  Forest,  Game  Preserves,  Fish  Hatch- 
eries, and  State  Memorials  are  scattered 
over  the  state. 

In  1918  the  bee  inspection  of  this  division 
had  a  total  of  14,431  colonies  to  its  credit. 
This  has  steadily  climbed  until  last  fiscal 
year  37,687  colonies  were  inspected  with 
but  little  increase  in  the  personnel.  "Foul 
brood"  has  been  reduced  from  20%  to 
6«A%- 


In  1919  when  the  Department  was 
inaugurated,  land  under  its  control  amount- 
ed to  less  than  three  thousand  acres  and 
improvements  thereon  were  very  scant. 
Since  that  time  the  Department  has  built 
up  an  estate  of  15,108  acres  which,  with 
their  improvements,  have  a  book  value  of 
$1,168,815  and  an  actual  value  much 
greater. 

During  the  time  that  this  public  estate 
has  been  developed,  there  has  been  spent 
a  total  of  $2,178,214.12,  of  which  only 
$895,354.73  was  from  the  taxpayer,  the 
balance  of  $1,282,859.39  representing  earn- 
ings of  the  Department  and  subscriptions 
secured  from  private  sources.  Included  in 
this  last  amount  are  $135,000  out  of  a  total 
of  $250,000,  which  Governor  Ed  Jackson 
obtained  from  Judge  E.  H.  Gary  as  his 
contribution  for  the  Dunes  Park.  Included 
in  the  amount  received  from  the  taxpayer  is 
a  total  of  $210,464.30  which  was  used  in  the 
acquisition  of  dune  land.  In  round  figures, 
the  sum  of  $900,000  received  from  the  tax- 
payer during  a  period  of  seven  years  amounts 
to  30  cents  per  capita  or  42/7  cents  per  year. 

Not  looking  at  all  at  the  public  service 
rendered  nor  considering  the  truly  ideal 
recreational  and  health  value  of  our  public 
preserves;  not  figuring  the  value  of  our 
scientific  and  popular  publications,  but  only 
taking  into  account  the  physical  values 
established,  it  can  be  said  that  the  Depart- 
ment of  Conservation  looks  back  upon  the 
last  seven  years  with  a  great  deal  of  satis- 
faction and  happiness,  for  it  cannot  only 
show  service  rendered  in  return  for  expendi- 
tures made,  but  in  addition  it  has  added  to 
the  prosperity  of  the  state,  and  lastly — as 
any  well  conducted  business  should — it  has 
made  large  and  paying  investments.  What 
these  investments  will  be  worth  in  the 
future  no  one  is  able  to  figure,  but  today 
we  know  that  they  are  worth  perhaps  double 
the  amount  which  was  spent  in  conducting 
the  Department  of  Conservation  in  all 
these  years. 


Page  Thirty-four 


The  Dunes  State  Park 


Page  Thirty- fire 


McCormick's   Creek   Canyon   State    Park — The    State   House   Quarry 


Pag'.  Thirty-six 


Cliftv  Falls  State  Park— The  Falls 


Pane  Tktrty-seven 


KhK 


Turkey  Run  State  Park — Hawk's  Nest 


Page  Thirty-eight 


On  the  Banks  of  the  Wabash 


DIVISION  OF  FISH  AND  GAME 


INDIANA  may  claim  the  distinction  of 
now  being  among  those  few  states  in 
which  wild-life  resources  are  increasing, 
notwithstanding  the  greater  number  of 
persons  who  annually  go  afield  with  rod 
and  gun,  or  trap.  The  conservation,  pro- 
tection, and  propagation  of  wild  life  in  the 
state  is  entrusted  to  the  Division  of  Fish  and 
Game  of  the  Department  of  Conservation. 
As  is  now  the  case  in  nearly  every  state,  this 
division  is  financed  by  the  sportsmen  who 
purchase  licenses  to  hunt  and  fish.  In  the 
fiscal  year  1925,  the  division  sold  205,006 
hunting  and  fishing  licenses,  190,145  of 
which  were  issued  to  residents;  14,567  to 
non-resident  fishermen,  and  294  to  non- 
resident hunters.  It  costs  a  resident  of  the 
state  $1 .00  per  annum  to  hunt,  fish  and  trap; 
a  non-resident  $15.50  to  hunt  and  fish,  but 
$1.00  to  fish  only. 

The  state  operates  five  fish  hatcheries  for 
the  propagation  of  warm  water  fishes.  The 
species  propagated  are  the  two  black  basses, 
rock  bass,  bluegill,  crappie,  yellow  perch, 
and  channel  catfish.  During  the  season  of 
1925,  over  a  million  and  a  quarter  of  black 


bass  were  propagated  at  the  hatcheries  and 
placed  in  the  waters  of  the  state. 

Indiana  has  30  large  rivers,  60  big  creeks, 
hundreds  of  small  brooks,  and  several 
hundred  lakes.  The  increasing  number  of 
non-residents  who  do  their  fishing  in  this 
state  proves  that  Indiana  waters  are 
attractive  to  the  angler. 

Indiana  has  no  big  game,  but  hunting  for 
small  game  such  as  quail,  rabbits,  and 
squirrels  is  excellent.  Indiana  has  as  many 
quail,  if  not  more,  than  any  other  state, 
even  though  the  game  laws  permit  a  liberal 
bag  limit.  Fur-bearing  animals,  such  as 
the  raccoon,  skunk,  opossum,  fox,  mink, 
and  muskrat  are  numerous. 

The  prevalence  of  game  and  the  good 
fishing  in  Indiana  are  attributed  to  the 
excellence  of  its  game  warden  service. 
In  1925  arrests  made  by  wardens  numbered 
1,854.  The  convictions  numbered  1,705. 
The  fines  and  costs  totalled  $33,709.50. 

In  addition  to  its  six  state  parks  there 
are  two  game  reservations,  one  of  2,300 
acres  in  the  Kankakee  River  region,  and  one 
in  Brown  County  of  7,000  acres  where  game 
may  multiply  unmolested. 


Pagf  Thirty-nine 


NATURAL  LAKES  OF  INDIANA 


IAKES  are  among  the  most  valuable 
of  natural  resources  and  their  wealth 
to  our  state  is  being  recognized  more 
each  year  with  intensive  development  of 
highways  and  the  resultant  purchase  of 
lakeshore  home  sites  by  people,  often 
residents   of   neighboring   states. 

Northern  Indiana  is  particularly  fortunate 
in  this  respect,  for  practically  all  of  the 
two  hundred  lakes  in  this  state,  fifty-nine 
of  which  have  an  area  of  two  hundred  or 
more  acres,  are  in  that  section. 

Several  years  ago  residents  of  the  lake 
region,  aside  from  occasional  fishing  ac- 
commodations, offered  no  special  induce- 
ments to  attract  tourists.  With  motor 
vehicles  now  the  popular  means  of  modern 
transportation,  and  cars  in  possession  of 
nearly  every  family  head,  lakeside  property 
has  come  into  its  own,  so  that  it  is  now 
difficult  to  secure  desirable  building  space 
on  many  of  the  state's  major  inland  water 
bodies. 

The  health  and  recreational  value  of  lakes 
can  scarcely  be  overestimated.  A  few 
weeks,  days,  yes,  even  hours,  spent  at  any 
lake  are  as  refreshing  and  invigorating  to  the 
tired  business  man  as  a  medicinal  tonic,  and 


far  better  in  many  cases,  for  he  returns 
home  fit  again  to  tackle  his  business  prob- 
lems that  have  worn  his  nerves  to  a  frazzle 
and  persistently,  but  nevertheless  as  surely, 
sapped  physical  and  mental  vigor. 

Nature  is  man's  greatest  friend.  Man 
has  ever  patterned  after — and  to  his  vast 
profit — her  wondrous  work.  Lakes  are  an 
important  link  in  nature's  architectural 
scheme.  A  visit  to  them  gives  a  new 
outlook,  inspires  to  greater  achievement, 
and  rejuvenates  one  after  what  is  so  often 
the  humdrum  of  our  daily  existence. 

The  principal  lakes  of  Indiana,  ranging 
from  Wawasee,  with  3,526  acres  of  water, 
down  to  Jimerson,  with  202  acres,  are: 
Wawasee  and  Syracuse,  Maxinkuckee, 
James,  Bass,  Winona,  Cedar,  Eagle,  Clear, 
and  Crooked  in  Steuben  County,  Tippe- 
canoe and  Oswego,  Manitou,  Barbee  Lakes 
(7),  Webster,  Duchemin,  Turkey,  Pleasant, 
Fish,  Lake  George,  Clear  in  LaPorte 
County,  Bear,  Third  Lake,  Big  Chapman, 
Lake  of  the  Woods,  Crooked  in  Whitley 
County,  Muncie  Lakes,  Blue  River  Lakes, 
Oliver,  Simonton,  Hogback,  Dewart,  Lake 
Gage,  Pine,  Little  Tippecanoe,  and  Jimer- 
son. 


Page  Forty 


CAVES  OF  SOUTHERN  INDIANA 


THE  subcarboniferous  limestone  area 
of  southern  Indiana  contains  many 
sinkholes  and  caves,  and  out  of 
eighteen  widely  known  for  their  unusual 
geological  formations,  four  are  of  national 
repute.  These  are  Porter's  in  Owen  County, 
Donnelson's  in  Lawrence  county,  Marengo 
in  Crawford  county,  and  Wyandotte  in 
Clarke  county. 

These  caves  owe  their  origin  and  their 
formation  to  the  slow,  unceasing  action  of 
rain  or  carbonated  water  upon  the  limestone 
strata  in  which  they  occur.  The  rooms  and 
passages  are  often  filled  with  exceedingly 
handsome  forms  of  crystalline  limestone, 
called  stalactites  and  stalagmites. 

The  mouth  of  Porter's  Cave  is  the  most 
beautiful  of  all  Indiana  caves,  and  from 
the  floor  to  the  bottom  of  the  gulch  where 
flows  a  crystal  pure  stream,  the  distance  is 
33  feet.  The  entrance  is  50  feet  wide  and 
14}/£  feet  high,  and  the  roof  arches  over  a 
glorious  waterfall. 

The  entrance  to  Donnelson's  cave  is  of 
most  entrancing  picturesque  beauty,  being 
at  the  head  of  a  deep  gorge  leading  to  a 
broader  valley  beyond.  A  stream  in  this 
cave  is  waist  deep  in  many  places,  suddenly 


disappearing  through  a  solid  layer  of  stone. 
Blind  fish  inhabit  these  subterranean  waters. 

Next  to  Mammoth  Cave  in  Kentucky, 
Wyandotte  is  the  largest  cavern  in  the 
United  States.  Its  enormous  underground 
halls  and  vaulted  domes,  its  gigantic 
fluted  columns  and  vast  piles  of  fallen  rock 
are  unexcelled.  It  is  situated  among  the 
rugged  hills  along  the  Ohio  River.  History 
records  Wyandotte  back  in  1812,  when 
during  the  war  with  England  the  demand 
for  gunpowder  became  so  great  that  much 
of  the  nitrous  earth  in  this  cavern  was 
utilized  in  manufacture  of  potassium  nitrate, 
or  saltpetre,  an  important  ingredient  of 
gunpowder.  This  cave  is  more  than  four 
miles  long,  and  contains  one  room  which 
has  a  height  of  65  feet,  width  of  90  feet, 
and  length  of  210  feet.  In  one  room  is  the 
stalactite  called  "The  Pillar  of  the  Consti- 
tution." Remains  of  the  works  and  instru- 
ments of  primitive  man  are  visible  in  this 
cave. 

Marengo,  next  to  Wyandotte,  is  the  most 
noted  of  Indiana  sinkholes,  being  widely 
exploited  since  1883.  It  is  replete  with 
corridors  and  spacious  chambers  with  im- 
posing geological  formations. 


P'ige  Forty-one 


Electric  Train  DeLuxe 


TRANSPORTATION  OF  INDIANA 


INDIANA'S  transportation  facilities  con- 
stitute one  of  her  most  rightful  prides. 
Eight  thousand  miles  of  steam  railways 
and  nearly  two  thousand  miles  of  electric 
railways  literally  enmesh  the  state  in  a 
"net  of  steel."  Four  thousand  two  hundred 
fifty  miles  of  permanently  improved  high- 
ways constituting  the  State  Highway  System 
have  given  a  great  impetus  to  motor-bus 
and  truck  transportation,  and  remain  for 
continued  and  increasing  enjoyment  to  the 
motorist. 

The  location  and  topography  of  the  state 
have  been  the  fundamentally  determinative 
factors  in  the  development  of  its  transpor- 
tation facilities.  Indiana  is  one  of  the 
states  comprising  the  level  stretch  of  land 
extending  from  the  Ohio  River  on  the 
south  to  the  Great  Lakes  on  the  north,  and 
so  is  in  the  direct  pathway  of  the  bulk  of 
the  nation's  great  east  and  west  traffic  flow. 
This  fact,  in  addition  to  the  general  even- 
ness of  topography,  has  given  the  state  a  con- 
centration of  many  of  the  great  trunk  lines. 


For  dominance  in  the  transportation  field, 
however,  Indiana  relies  upon  her  electric 
railway  system.  In  this  respect  she  claims 
leadership  over  all  other  states,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  Ohio,  and  to  this 
neighboring  state  has  no  reason  to  concede 
supremacy.  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Michigan 
comprise  the  great  middle  western  manu- 
facturing and  agricultural  area,  and  it  is 
in  these  three  states  that  electric  railway 
transportation  has  developed  the  most 
extensively.  Rapid  through  freight  service 
via  the  electric  lines  is  available  between 
practically  all  centers  of  importance  in  this 
territory  and  has  proved  of  great  advantage 
to  producers  so  located  as  to  be  able  to 
utilize  it. 

Electric  passenger  train  service  has  been 
made  a  specialty  by  companies  operating  in 
Indiana,  and  has  been  developed  to  an 
advanced  stage.  Sleeping  car,  parlor  car, 
and  dining  car  service  on  regular  trains 
are  among   the   features. 


Page  Forty-tu-o 


Power  Plant  on  Wabash  River 

INDIANA  POWER  SUPPLY 


IN  her  coal  fields  Indiana  has  a  wealth  of 
power,  the  necessary  complement  to 
labor  and  raw  materials  for  the  develop- 
ment of  industry.  Waterfalls,  too,  are  of 
importance  as  a  source  of  energy  in  the 
state,  but  are  of  relatively  less  value  than  the 
abundant  supplies  of  bituminous  coal. 

Indiana  has  kept  well  apace  with  the 
growing  tendency  during  recent  years  away 
from  the  small  power  plant  operated  by  the 
individual  manufacturer,  toward  the  utiliza- 
tion of  electrical  energy  supplied  from  large 
central  generating  plants.  Without  any 
outstanding  water-power  sources  upon 
which  to  rely  for  hydro-electric  generation, 
the  state  has  naturally  turned  to  its  coal  for 
production  of  electricity  by  steam,  and  has 
made  great  progress  in  this  field.  Indiana 
ranks  fifth  among  the  states  in  the  con- 
sumption of  coal  for  the  generation  of 
electricity.  "Mine  mouth"  plants,  located 
in  the  coal  belt  and  transmitting  power  to 
a  wide  range  of  territory  have  been  par- 
ticularly successful. 


Finding  limited  water  power  available, 
utility  companies  have  taken  advantage  of 
such  as  there  is,  and  in  many  places  have 
established  generating  units  which  utilize 
both  hydro  and  steam  power.  There  is  a 
marked  tendency  toward  the  consolidation 
of  producing  units  of  all  sizes  into  super- 
power systems,  providing  at  once  for  the 
utilization  of  the  relatively  small  sources  of 
energy  along  with  the  larger  units  and  for 
the  advantages  of  large  scale  management. 

Throughout  the  electrical  field,  Indiana  is 
a  leader  and  is  steadily  improving  her 
position.  Whereas  the  production  of  elec- 
tricity in  the  country  as  a  whole  increased 
51  per  cent  from  1920  to  1925,  the  increase 
for  Indiana  was  60  per  cent. 

With  an  abundant  supply  of  coal  remain- 
ing to  be  utilized,  Indiana's  electric  power 
industry  has  an  assured  future.  Energy 
for  industrial  consumption  is  in  constantly 
increasing  demand  and  promises  to  become 
a  factor  of  greater  importance  as  the  con- 
venience and  economy  of  its  use  are  de- 
veloped. 


Page  Forty-threr 


INDIANA  MINERAL  FUELS 


THE    industrial    life   of  any   comrron- 
wealth  depends  upon  the  abundance 
and   the    accessibility    of    its    mineral 
fuels.     Indiana  is  fortunate  in  the  possession 
of  large  accessible  quantities  of  these  power- 
producing  substances. 

For  more  than  fifty  years  Indiana  has 
produced  petroleum  and  natural  gas  in 
commercial  quantities.  While  the  acme  of 
production  of  each  has  passed,  the  annual 
production  of  the  former  is  still  near  one 
million  barrels  and  the  production  of  the 
latter  approximately  one  billion  cubic  feet. 
About  one  third  of  the  production  of  oil 
is  obtained  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  state 
and  the  remainder  from  the  southwestern 
portion  where  the  newer  fields  lie. 

Coal  is  the  most  important  fuel  resource 
of  Indiana.  The  coal  field  which  lies  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  the  state  occupies  an 
area  of  seven  thousand  square  miles.  Coal 
is  mined  in  twenty-six  counties.  There  are 
more  than  twenty  beds  which  vary  in 
thickness  from  a  few  feet  to  more  than 
eleven  feet. 

The  coals  of  Indiana  belong  to  the  bitumi- 
nous  class.     Three    kinds   are    recognized, 


block,  cannel,  and  common  bituminous. 
The  block  coals  are  used  for  domestic 
purposes  and  for  fuel  in  ceramic  plants. 
Good  domestic  fuel  is  obtained  from  Coal 
IV  and  Coal  V,  while  these  two  beds  and 
Coal  III  furnish  excellent  steam  coals.  Coal 
is  mined  from  open  pits  and  from  shafts. 
None  of  the  shafts  extend  to  greater  depths 
than  four  hundred  fifty  feet.  The  mines 
are  generally  dry  and  free  from  gas. 

The  annual  production  of  coal  in  Indiana 
has  reached  a  maximum  of  thirty  million 
tons.  In  recent  years  the  potential  capacity 
of  the  mines  is  considerably  in  excess  of  the 
market  demands.  More  than  one-half  of 
the  coal  produced  is  used  within  the  state. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  used  in  manufacturing 
plants  for  the  production  of  steam  and 
electric  power,  in  super-power  plants  for  the 
generation  of  electricity  used  for  rail  wax 
and  municipal  purposes,  in  fuel  for  domestic 
use,  on  steam  roads,  in  the  manufacture  of 
gas,  and  for  other  purposes.  Indiana  is 
fortunate  in  the  possession  of  an  abundant 
supply  of  potential  mineral  fuel  in  her  oil 
shale  resources.  More  than  five  hundred 
square  miles  of  accessible  oil  shales  within 
the  state  contain  more  than  fifty  billion  gal- 
lons of  oil  which  can  be  secured  by  distillation. 


Page  Forty-four 


LIMESTONE  OF  INDIANA 


INDIANA  produces  practically  95  per 
cent  of  all  limestone  for  building  which 
is  produced  in  the  United  States. 
Indiana  Limestone  has  come  to  be  known  as 
"The  Nation's  Building  Stone,"  and  goes 
into  the  construction  of  the  largest  and  most 
imposing  buildings  throughout  the  country. 

The  quarrying  industry  is  concentrated 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  state,  centering 
in  Bloomington,  Oolitic,  and  Bedford  and 
extending  northward  through  Ellettsville 
to  Stinesville  and  Romona.  $20,000,000 
worth  of  stone  is  shipped  from  this  district 
each  year. 

The  Indiana  stone  is  soft  and  workable 
for  some  time  after  it  has  been  taken  from 
the  quarries,  and  comes  out  in  a  variety 
of  shades  and  textures.  While  much  of  it  is 
cut  to  fit  precisely  in  a  certain  place  in  the 
structure  in  which  it  is  to  be  used,  or  is 
carved  for  artistic  decoration  by  highly 
skilled  workmen,  large  volumes  are  shipped 
out  unfinished  to  be  cut  in  plants  located 
outside  the  district.  A  considerable  saving 
in  transportation  cost  is  effected  by  shipping 


the  stone  in  the  uncut  stage  when  it  has  to  be 
carried  long  distances. 

Waste  from  the  mills  preparing  the  stone 
for  building  runs  into  large  volume,  con- 
sisting in  all  sized  pieces  of  the  material 
from  large  stones  which  prove  to  be  de- 
fective, to  small  chips  and  dust.  This  is 
graded  as  to  size  and  shipped  to  nearby 
plants  to  be  crushed  for  road  stone,  or 
utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  fertilizer  or 
cement.  Industrial  plants  utilizing  the  by- 
products of  the  quarries  have  become  very 
numerous  in  the  stone  district  and  provide 
employment  for  large  numbers  of  men. 
Cheap  fertilizer  for  the  agriculture  of  the 
state  and  low  priced  cement  to  go  into 
building  construction  are  factors  of  gain 
also. 

For  the  most  part,  the  cities  and  towns  in 
the  limestone  district  rely  chiefly  upon  the 
industry  for  their  income.  Bloomington 
provides  the  exception  with  its  furniture 
plants  and  other  manufactories.  The  dis- 
trict is  highly  prosperous,  however,  and  has 
an  insured  income  from  a  practically 
inexhaustible  natural  resource. 


Page.  Forly-fne 


Above — Cement;     Below — Tile  and  Brick 


CEMENT  AND  CLAY  PRODUCTS  OF  INDIANA 


CEMENT  is  the  second  most  important 
mineral  product  of  the  state,  coal 
ranking  first.  With  stone  in  third 
place,  clay  products  rank  fourth.  Indiana 
ranks  second  in  the  Union  in  the  production 
of  cement,  only  Pennsylvania  standing 
ahead.  In  clay  products  she  is  well  up  in 
the  list,  with  an  annual  product  valued  at 
$15,000,000.  Brick  and  tile  are  the  chief 
lines  for  which  clay  is  used. 

Raw  materials  for  the  manufacture  of 
cement  are  widely  distributed  in  Indiana 
and  are  easily  accessible  to  transportation 
facilities  and  to  fuel  supplies.  Because 
there  is  no  definitely  limited  area  to  which 
the  raw  materials  are  confined,  the  in- 
dustry is  not  particularly  concentrated,  but 
is  fairly  well  spread  out.  Among  the  im- 
portant cement  manufacturing  plants  are 
those  at  Mitchell,  Bufhngton,  Stroh,  Syra- 
cuse, Limedale,  and  Speeds.  Inasmuch  as 
the  cement  industry  throughout  the  country 
is  a  somewhat  localized  one,  suitable  raw- 
materials  being   available   in  manv  states, 


the  cement  manufactured  in  Indiana  is 
marketed  in  a  limited  territory.  However, 
steady  increase  of  local  demand  has  resulted 
in  a  healthy  growth  of  the  industry. 

So  widely  distributed  are  the  workable 
clays  in  Indiana,  and  so  varied  their  uses, 
that  there  are  but  few  counties  in  the  state 
which  do  not  have  at  least  one  plant 
manufacturing  brick,  tile,  or  some  other 
clay  product.  In  the  southwestern  portion, 
clay  and  coal  are  available  side  by 
side,  and  it  is  here  that  the  manufacture 
of  ceramic  products  is  most  flourishing. 
Brazil,  in  Clay  County,  is  the  center  of  the 
industry,  with  Terre  Haute,  a  short  distance 
west,  a  close  rival. 

Also  of  much  value  in  the  state  are  the 
practically  unlimited  supplies  of  sand  and 
gravel  available  for  utilization  in  the 
manufacture  of  concrete  products  and 
in  building  construction.  Many  of  the 
sand  deposits  provide  raw  material  for  the 
manufacture  of  glass,  so  that  this  industry 
has  become  a  sizable  one  in  Indiana. 


Page  Forty-six 


Steamship  L  nioading  Cargo  from  England  at  Michigan  City  Harbor 

INDIANA  ON  THE  SEABOARD 


IN  the  United  States  as  in  every  other 
country  access  to  the  sea  or  navigable 
waters  has  determined  the  location  of 
its  principal  cities,  and  the  greatest  meas- 
ure of  commercial  prosperity. 

The  increased  cost  of  transportation,  the 
raise  in  freight  rates,  has  brought  to  the 
Middle  West  and  especially  to  Indiana  the 
importance  of  direct  access  to  the  sea. 
Cost  of  transportation,  not  miles,  measures 
the  distance  to  markets. 

The  completion  by  Canada  of  the  Wei  land 
Canal  within  the  next  two  years  will  leave 
the  rapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence  as  the  only 
barrier  that  prevents  ocean-going  vessels 
from  entering  the  Great  Lakes.  In  fact 
within  the  last  year  such  vessels  from 
English  ports  have  docked  at  Michigan 
City  and  other  Great  Lake  ports.  The 
construction  of  a  waterway  around  the 
rapids  with  the  same  depth  and  capacity 
as  the  Welland  Canal  would  permit  eighty 
per  cent  of  the  cargo  ships  of  the  world  to 
enter  the  Great  Lakes 


It  is  important  for  the  farmers  of 
Indiana  to  have  cheaper  freight  rates  for 
their  products.  Our  manufactures  must  go 
to  every  civilized  nation  on  the  globe. 
Growth  will  be  accelerated  greatly  by  access 
to  the  ocean. 

Freight  can  be  moved  eight  to  ten  miles 
by  water  as  cheaply  as  it  can  be  moved  one 
mile  by  rail.  The  only  hope  our  state  has 
for  relief  from  the  high  freight  rates  that 
now  prevail  is  access  to  the  sea  through  the 
construction  of  this  waterway. 

The  reports  of  the  engineers  show  that 
the  electric  power  developed  by  the  con- 
struction of  the  dams  at  the  rapids  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  can  be  sold  at  an  annual 
rental  sufficient  to  pay  the  expense  of 
operation,  cost  of  construction,  and  amor- 
tize the  entire  amount  within  thirty-five 
or  forty  years.  It  is  necessary,  if  this 
great  national  project  is  to  be  accomplished, 
that  every  step  taken  for  its  consummation 
receive  the  sympathetic  support  not  only 
of  our  state  government  but  of  all  of  the 
people  of  Indiana. 


Page  Forty-seven 


i   1 


An  Oil   Refincrv 


CALUMET  REGION  OF  INDIANA 


THE  Calumet  region  of  Indiana  is  one 
of  the  great  industrial  centers  of  the 
nation.  Located  in  the  most  north- 
westerly county  in  Indiana,  adjoining  the 
Illinois  state  line  and  along  the  coast  of 
Lake  Michigan,  it  occupies  the  upper 
portion  of  Lake  County  and  comprises  some 
one  hundred  square  miles. 

Until  a  little  more  than  two  decades  ago 
the  Calumet  region  of  Indiana  had  but  little 
industrial  importance,  and  because  of  the 
physical  characteristics  of  the  country,  it 
had  no  agricultural  standing  at  all.  Even 
in  the  days  of  the  natural  gas  boom  in 
Indiana,  when  the  state  began  to  assume 
leadership  as  an  industrial  commonwealth, 
the  Calumet  region  was  thinly  populated. 

Today  this  region  has  a  population 
in  excess  of  200,000  and  is  part  of  the 
second  greatest  iron  and  steel  district 
in  America.  It  is  also  one  of  the  fore- 
most oil  refining  centers  in  the  United 
States,  and  is  noted  for  its  transpor- 
tation  facilities. 

Four  contiguous  cities  comprise  the 
metropolitan  area  of  the  Calumet  re- 
gion. In  order  of  size  they  are:  Gary, 
Hammond,  East  Chicago  (which  in- 
cludes Indiana  Harbor)  and  Whiting. 
According  to  the  1926  federal  census 
estimate  the  population  of  these  four 
communities  is  192.558. 


Hammond,  the  oldest  of  the  four  cities, 
founded  in  the  early  '80s,  is  noted  as  the 
seat  of  the  starting  of  what  is  now 
America's  great  meat-packing  industry. 
Early  in  the  '90s  the  Standard  Oil  interests 
erected  a  refinery  on  Lake  Michigan  at 
Whiting.  Meanwhile  the  struggling  village 
of  East  Chicago  began  to  loom  up  on  the 
map.  The  independent  steel  interests  erect- 
ed a  small  plant  in  the  barren  wilderness  on 
the  lake  front  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
city  of  East  Chicago.  This  place  was  named 
Indiana  Harbor,  the  promoters  of  the  new 
settlement  bringing  about  the  construction 
of  a  harbor,  which  was  destined  later  to 
assume  its  present  rank  as  Indiana's  largest 
public  harbor. 

Twenty-six  miles  from  Chicago,  located 
on  Lake  Michigan  and  traversed  bv  manv 


Recreation  Center 


Page  Forty-eight 


Feeding  a  Steel  Mill 


of  the  great  trunk  lines  that  link  the  east 
with  the  west,  was  an  ideal  location  equi- 
distant from  the  sources  of  raw  materials 
needed  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel. 
The  iron  ore  mines  of  Wisconsin,  Michigan, 
and  Minnesota  were  easily  accessible  to  the 
Great  Lakes  waterway  route,  thus  affording 
cheap  transportation.  Similarly  convenient 
were  the  limestone  quarries  of  Michigan, 
and  the  coal  mines  of  southern  Indiana,  of 
Ohio,  of  West  Virginia.  Here  arose  the 
city  of  Gary,  now  comprising  more  than 
forty-three  square  miles,  and  having  a  pop- 
ulation of  some  80,800. 

In  the  adjoining  township  to  the  west,  the 
second  richest  in  Indiana  in  point  of  taxable 
valuation,  and  having  a  population  of  more 
than  115,000,  are  the  three  contiguous 
cities  of  Hammond,  Whiting,  and  East 
Chicago.  Here  in  the  Indiana  Harbor 
district  of  the  city  of  East  Chicago,  are 
blast  furnaces,  steel  mills,  coke  ovens,  rolling 
mills  and  extensive  fabricating  shops.  Here, 
too,  the  huge  ore  freighters  from  the  north- 
ern iron  region  come  with  their  burden  of 
the  dark  brown  substance  that  is  made  into 
iron  and  steel. 

This  same  township  of  North  is  also 
widely  known  as  the  greatest  inland  oil- 
refining     center     in     the     United     States. 


Located  here  are  the  largest  refineries  of  the 
Standard  Oil  (Indiana)  and  Sinclair  Refining 
Companies.  Under  construction  is  the  new 
refinery  of  the  Roxana-Royal  Dutch-Shell 
group.  Linking  these  refineries  are  the 
far-reaching  pipelines  which  extend  to  Wyo- 
ming, Kansas,  Texas,  and  Oklahoma.  Crude 
oil  from  these  fields  is  run  by  pipeline  to  lo- 
cal refineries.  From  Indiana  Harbor  sails 
the  oil  fleet  that  distributes  gasoline  and 
motor  oils  to  the  Great  Lakes  cities  and  the 
territories  tributary  to  them. 

The  Calumet  region  is  also  one  of  the 
foremost  rail  equipment  centers  in  the 
country.  Here,  too,  are  located  such  di- 
versified industries  as  chemical  establish- 
ments, tin  and  sheet  mills,  and  non-ferous 
metals  plants. 

With  its  population  increased  over  500 
per  cent  in  two  decades,  the  metropolitan 
area  of  Indiana's  Calumet  region  looks 
forward  to  a  population  of  one-half  million 
in  less  than  ten  years.  More  than  65,000 
persons  are  engaged  in  manufacturing. 

This  region  has  an  extensive  harbor 
development,  is  noted  for  its  fine  lake  front 
parks,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Gary  school 
system,  which  represents  one  of  the  most 
far-reaching  developments  in  the  history  of 
modern  education. 


Page  Forty -nint 


An   Indiana  Automobile  Plant 


INDIANA  MANUFACTURING 


INDIANA,  with  an  annual  output  of 
manufactured  articles  worth  more  than 
$2,000,000,000,  is  one  of  the  leading 
manufacturing  states  in  the  Union.  The 
Hoosier  industries  are  surpassed  by  those  of 
only  eight  other  states  in  total  value  of 
products,  and  by  those  of  only  seven  in  total 
number  of  wage  earners.  Since  1914  the 
annual  rate  of  increase  of  manufactures  has 
been  more  rapid  in  Indiana  than  in  the 
United  States  as  a  whole.  In  twenty-one 
of  the  most  important  of  the  nation's 
industries,  Indiana  ranks  fifth  or  higher. 
This  is  true  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  Indiana 
has  only  1.2  per  cent  of  the  nation's  area 
and  2.7  per  cent  of  its  population. 


In  addition  to  being  at  the  center  of 
population  of  the  nation,  Indiana  is  near  the 
geographic  center  of  the  eastern  half.  This 
area  has  85  per  cent  of  the  country's 
population,  65  per  cent  of  its  mineral 
resources,  80  per  cent  of  its  wealth,  and  85 
per  cent  of  its  annual  income.  Within  a 
500  mile  radius  of  Indianapolis  are  to  be 
found  one-fourth  of  the  area  of  the  United 
States,  and  one-half  of  the  population  and 
purchasing  power.  Thus,  it  is  evident  that 
Indiana  is  ideally  located  in  regard  to  raw 
materials  and  has  the  railway  facilities 
necessary  to  bring  in  those  materials  and 
distribute  the  finished  products  to  leading 
markets. 


Indiana's  manufacturing  is  well  diversi- 
fied, giving  insurance  against  serious  loss  in 
case  of  a  slump  in  any  one  or  two  industries. 
Metal  working  forms  the  nucleus  of  a  great 
part  of  the  manufacturing.  Of  these 
plants,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills  lead, 
the  automobile  manufactures  are  second, 
and  foundry  and  machine  shop  products  are 
third.  Other  important  products  are  steam 
railway  cars,  meat  products,  electrical 
products,  furniture,  automobile  accessories, 
building  stone,  artificial  stone  products, 
musical  instruments,  cement,  and  agri- 
cultural implements. 


Not  only  does  Indiana  have  access  to  raw 
materials  of  surrounding  states,  but  also 
she  has  rich  resources  within  her  borders. 
Indiana  is  one  of  the  richest  farming  states 
in  the  Union,  and  her  farm  products  are 
important  raw  materials  for  leading  lines 
of  manufactures.  The  state's  mineral  prod- 
ucts amount  to  about  $  1 3  5,000,000  annually. 
The  coal  from  the  Terre  Haute  district  and 
Southwestern  Indiana  mines,  the  iron  ore 
smelted  in  the  Calumet  district  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  state,  the  stone  from  the 
Oolitic  limestone  district  of  Bloomington 
and  Bedford,   the  cement   from  Buffington 


Fage  Fifty 


A  Packing  Plant 


and  other  Indiana  cities,  and  the  clay  for 
brick  and  pottery  manufacture  from  Brazil 
and  other  points,  furnish  an  excellent  supply 
of  raw  material  for  diversified  manufactures. 

During  recent  years,  a  great  many 
nationally  organized  corporations  have  been 
impressed  with  the  industrial  advantages 
of  Indiana,  and  have  either  located  new 
branch  plants  in  the  state,  or  have  expanded 
plants  already  here.  A  few  of  the  more 
important  of  these  national  companies  are 
as  follows:  the  General  Motors  Company, 
at  Anderson  and  Muncie ;  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation,  at  Gary;  Ford  Motors 
Company,  at  Hammond ;  Chrysler  Company 
at  New  Castle;  Roxana  Oil,  at  Hammond; 
Colgate  Company,  at  Jeffersonville;  General 
Electric  Company,  at  Fort  Wayne;  Inter- 
national Harvester  Company,  at  Fort 
Wayne,  Richmond,  and  Evansville;  Ad- 
vance-Rumley,  at  LaPorte ;  Graham  Brothers 
Motor  Trucks  (Dodge  Brothers),  at  Evans- 
ville ;  Studebaker,  at  South  Bend ;  Pittsburgh 
Plate  Glass  Company,  at  Kokomo;  and 
Ball  Brothers,  manufacturers  of  glass  fruit 
jars,  at  Muncie. 

The  various  sections  of  the  state  have 
their  industrial  peculiarities  with  respect  to 
industrial  wealth,  but  they  all  enjoy  the 
fundamental  advantages  of  this  area  as  a 
unit.  In  the  district  around  Terre  Haute 
and    south    to    Evansville    enough    coal    is 


mined  to  care  for  a  great  part  of  the  needs 
of  Indiana  manufacturing.  The  Ohio  River 
provides  a  means  of  transportation  to  the 
south  with  Evansville,  New  Albany,  and 
Jeffersonville,  the  principal  shipping  points. 
The  Calumet  district,  with  Gary,  East 
Chicago,  Hammond,  and  Michigan  City, 
has  the  shipping  facilities  of  the  Great  Lakes 
at  its  disposal,  and  is  undergoing  extraordi- 
nary industrial  expansion.  South  Bend  and 
Fort  Wayne  benefit  from  their  location  in 
the  heavy  railway  traffic  belt,  while  Rich- 
mond serves  as  the  gateway  on  the  east. 
Indianapolis  concentrates  a  large  part  of  the 
state's  manufacturing  and  is  an  important 
point  of  distribution  for  goods  having  a 
national  market. 

Industrial  development  of  these  districts 
has  been  greatly  facilitated  by  the  very 
rapid  expansion  of  electrical  generation  and 
transmission.  Large  investments  of  capital 
in  power  stations  and  engineering  achieve- 
ments have  been  made  in  the  broad  plan 
to  make  this  area  one  of  the  most  highly 
electrified  industrial  sections  of  the  United 
States. 

In  brief,  the  basic  resources  of  Indiana 
are  varied  and  abundant,  the  transportation 
facilities  both  by  land  and  water  are  unusual, 
and  the  central  location  with  respect  to 
population  and  national  markets  is  a 
decisive  factor  in  favoring  permanent 
growth. 


Paft  Fifty-one 


Modern  Indiana  Farm 


INDIANA  AGRICULTURE 


AGRICULTURE,  the  oldest  art  of 
yy  man,  may  be  seen  at  its  best  in 
Indiana.  The  state's  heritage,  a 
naturally  fertile  soil,  and  favorable  climatic 
conditions  have  made  Hoosier  farms  adapt- 
able to  production  of  a  wide  variety  of 
crops.  These  things,  coupled  with  the 
central  location  "at  the  cross  roads  of 
America,"  and  unexcelled  transportation 
facilities,  have  transformed  Indiana  from  the 
primeval  forest  and  prairie  of  a  century 
ago  into  one  of  the  greatest  agricultural 
states  of  the  Union  today. 

The  total  value  of  farm  property  is 
$2,133,000,000.  From  the  standpoint  of  in- 
vestment, this  places  agriculture  as  the 
greatest  business  of  the  state.  Farming 
land  covers  92  per  cent  of  the  state's  surface 
and  more  than  80  per  cent  of  this  land  is 
improved,  in  farms  averaging  about  100 
acres  in  size. 

The  center  of  population  for  several 
decades  has  been  in  Indiana.  This  means 
that  more  than  20,000,000  persons  within 
300  miles  of  the  state's  boundaries  offer 
splendid  markets  for  farm  products.     They 


are  easily  reached  by  a  network  of  electric 
and  steam  railroads  stretching  into  every 
county  of  the  state.  A  highway  system  of 
77,000  miles,  of  which  46,000  miles  are 
improved  roads,  gives  nearly  all  of  the  state's 
195,000  farmers  a  year-round  outlet  for 
crops  and  livestock. 

Corn  is  king  of  crops  in  Indiana  with 
about  5,000,000  acres  a  year.  The  state  is 
a  part  of  the  corn  belt  aptly  termed  the 
"bread  basket"  of  the  world.  Indiana  corn 
has  won  highest  honors  repeatedly  in 
national  shows.  Indiana  is  one  of  the  few 
surplus  wheat  producing  states  east  of  the 
Mississippi,  with  about  2,500,000  acres  a 
year.  Other  small  grains  are  produced  in 
proportion. 

Apples  and  peaches  grown  in  Indiana 
have  taken  first  prizes  consistently  in 
national  competition,  and  Hoosier  brand 
cantaloupes  and  watermelons  are  known  the 
country  over.  Two-thirds  of  the  world's 
supply  of  mint  oil  comes  from  the  muck 
lands  of  the  northern  Indiana  lake  region. 
The  state,  with  80,000  acres,  leads  all 
others  in  production  of  tomatoes  for  canning. 


Ptge  Fifty-two 


Contented  Residents  in  Fertile   Indiana  Fields 


INDIANA  STOCK  RAISING 


INDIANA  has  long  been  famous  for 
production  of  high  class  livestock. 
Some  of  the  leading  American  breeders 
of  cattle,  sheep,  horses  and  hogs  are  Hoosiers, 
and  the  state  is  proud  of  the  laurels  they 
have  brought  from  show  rings  throughout 
the  country  over  a  long  period  of  years. 
Some  of  the  original  Herefords  sent  to  the 
range  country  of  the  west  came  from 
Indiana  herds,  and  animals  bred  in  Indiana 
have  gone  into  nearly  all  the  states  and 
many  foreign  countries.  One  of  the  latest 
was  a  ram  for  the  Prince  of  Wales's  Canadian 
ranch. 

Raising  and  fattening  of  cattle  for  market 
is  an  important  phase  of  the  livestock 
industry;  beef  from  Hoosier  feedlots  finds 
its  way  to  tables  throughout  America  and 
•even  Europe.  The  rough  lands  of  southern 
Indiana  provide  an  excellent  opportunity 
to  raise  cattle  which  can  be  fattened  for 
market  in  central  and  northern  parts  of  the 
•state.  In  1925  Indiana  farmers  marketed 
319,000  head  of  cattle  and  275,000  calves. 

Each  year  approximately  3,000,000  little 
pigs,  which  have  made  hogs  of  themselves, 


go  to  market  from  Indiana  farms.  These 
"mortgage  lifters"  and  other  livestock  eat 
about  80  per  cent  of  the  state's  corn  crop. 
Indianapolis  provides  one  of  the  best 
markets  for  hogs  in  the  United  States. 
Prices  paid  there  are  the  highest  of  any  in 
the  corn  belt,  placing  Indiana  pork  producers 
in  an  enviable  position. 

Sheep  flourish  under  conditions  in  the 
Hoosier  state.  Thousands  are  fattened 
annually,  and  there  are  many  breeders  who 
have  some  of  the  best  animals  in  the 
country.  Indiana  has  some  notable  breed- 
ers of  Belgian  horses.  "Dan  Patch"  and 
"William"  of  racing  fame  were  bred  here. 

Dairying  has  come  to  the  fore  during  the 
last  few  years.  An  annual  income  of 
$60,000,000  has  made  dairying  a  factor  to 
be  reckoned  with  in  Indiana.  The  poultry 
business  now  equals  that  of  the  dairy. 
Successful  handling  of  livestock  in  the  state 
is  largely  the  result  of  the  admirable  grasses, 
forage  crops  and  grains,  excellent  water  and 
shade.  Livestock  also  enables  Hoosier 
farmers  to  market  their  crops  in  a  profit- 
able way,  but  at  the  same  time  to  retain 
most  of  their  soil   fertility  on  the  land. 


I'age  Fifty-thrte 


One  Variety  of  Fine   Indiana  Fruit 


INDIANA  HORTICULTURE 


HORTICULTURAL  products   consti- 
tute  a   very    important    branch    of 
Indiana's  agriculture.     The  com- 
bined horticultural  industries  are  responsible 
for  an  average  annual  income  of  $  1 00,000,000 
to  the  people  of  Indiana. 

Apples,  plums,  cherries,  grapes,  and  small 
fruit  can  be  successfully  produced  in  almost 
every  county,  while  soil  and  climatic 
conditions  in  the  southern  one-third  of  the 
state  have  been  found  to  be  especially 
favorable  to  profitable  peach  production. 
The  larger  percentage  of  the  plantings  of 
fruit  are  rated  as  commercial  acreage  and 
are  being  managed  under  up-to-date  meth- 
ods. Furthermore,  the  most  of  these  plant- 
ings are  just  coming  into  bearing  and  are  of 
the  better  commercial  varieties.  Favorable 
soil  and  climate  and  the  use  of  up-to-date 
methods  all  combine  to  make  Indiana  fruit 
of  quality  and  appearance  second  to  none. 

Indiana  stands  first  in  the  production  of 
tomatoes  for  the  canning  factory,  this 
crop  representing  an  average  annual  income 
of  $4,500,000  for  the  raw  material  and 
$10,000,000    for    the     canned    product. 


Through  special  seed  selection  work  during 
the  past  ten  years  the  Indiana  Greater 
Baltimore  has  been  developed  into  a  very 
high  yielding,  uniform  strain  of  superior 
quality.  This  strain,  which  has  become  the 
standard  for  canning  tomatoes,  insures  the 
consumer  a  superior  product. 

The  muck  lands  of  northern  Indiana  are 
being  profitably  utilized  for  the  production 
of  onions  and  mint.  Indiana  stands  second 
in  the  production  of  onions  and  first  in  mint. 

Potatoes  return  annually  $10,000,000  to 
the  Hoosier  State.  Through  the  use  of 
certified  seed  and  better  cultural  practices 
the  average  production  per  acre  has  been 
increased  more  than  50  bushels. 

The  fertile  sandy  soil  found  in  many  of 
the  counties  of  southwestern  Indiana  has 
proved  especially  adapted  to  the  production 
of  sweet  potatoes,  cantaloupes,  early  toma- 
toes, sweet  corn,  and  other  truck  crops. 
Yellow  Jersey  sweet  potatoes  produced  in 
this  section  are  favorites  in  leading  markets 
of  the  country. 


Pagt  Fifty-jour 


Above — French    Lick   Springs   Hotel;     Below — West   Baden   Springs   Hotel 

AN  INDIANA  RECREATION  CENTER 


THE  French  Lick  Springs  Hotel  and 
West  Baden  Springs  Hotel  are  located 
in  Orange  County,  Indiana,  forty  miles 
from  the  center  of  population  of  the  United 
States.     The   surrounding   country   affords 
an    illustration    of    the    beautiful    hills    of 
southern    Indiana.     Because  of  its   rugged 
nature,    the   country   retains   much   of   its 
primitive    wildness;    its    beauty    is    made 
accessible  by  the  many  excellent  high- 
ways maintained  by  the  state.   Nature 
has  given  a  touch  of  the  mystic,  with 
underground    caverns   and  channels. 

This  region  is  world  famous  for  its 
mineral  water  and  the  wonderful 
opportunities  for  recreation  and  pleas- 
ure afforded  by  the  charms  of  its 
ideal  scenery.  Thousands  of  visitors 
from  all  parts  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada  and  foreign  countries 
visit  these  resorts  throughout  the  year. 

Southern  Indiana  is  also  famous  for 
its  fine  orchards. 


Few  cities  in  Indiana  are  without  public 
and  private  golf  courses.  Indianapolis  is 
reputed  to  have  more  golf  courses  than 
any  other  city  of  its  size  in  the  United 
States. 

Golf,  baseball,  tennis,  swimming,  hunting 
and  fishing  lure  all  to  invigorating  exercise 
in  the  open  air. 


An   Indiana  Golf  Course 


Page  Fifty-five 


-  1 1 1 1  Wkilt  in 

illllll'lllB        " 


JAMES   WHITCOMB  RILEY   HOSPITAL   FOR   CHILDREN 


THE  James  Whitcomb  Riley  Hospital 
for  Children  was  established  by  the 
authority  of  an  act  approved  March 
11,  1921.  The  hospital  has  a  maximum 
capacity  of  200  patients.  It  was  opened  for 
the  reception  of  patients  on  November  19, 
1924.  The  law  prescribes  that  the  hospital 
shall  be  a  department  of  Indiana  University 
and  under  the  direction  of  its  Board  of 
Trustees,  and  in  the  construction,  equip- 
ment, and  direction  of  the  hospital  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University  shall 
receive  and  consider  such  suggestions  and 
advice  as  might  be  tendered  by  the  James 
Whitcomb  Riley   Memorial   Association. 

The  method  of  admission  of  patients  to 


Study  and  Library 


the  Riley  Hospital  is  prescribed  by  the  law 
which  authorized  the  establishment  of  the 
institution.  The  law  states  that  any  child 
under  sixteen  years  of  age,  having  a  legal 
settlement  in  any  county  of  the  state  and 
afflicted  with  a  defect,  disease,  or  deformity, 
presumably  curable  or  improvable  by  skilled 
medical  and  surgical  treatment,  or  needing 
special  study  for  diagnosis,  may  be  admitted 
to  the  hospital.  The  judge  of  any  circuit, 
criminal,  or  juvenile  court  of  the  state  of 
Indiana  is  empowered  to  commit  to  the 
hospital  any  child  of  proper  age  and  legal 
settlement  in  which  the  judge  has  juris- 
diction. The  cost  and  care  of  treatment  of 
the  child  committed  as  aforesaid  is  paid  by 
the  county  in  which  the  child  has  a  legal 
settlement. 

The  first  year  of  the  hospital's 
operation  has  closed  with  a  very  grati- 
fying record.  Patients  have  been  ad- 
mitted from  86  of  the  92  counties  in 
the  state  of  Indiana.  More  than  1 ,200 
patients  have  been  admitted  for  hos- 
pital care  in  addition  to  600  served 
through  the  out-patient  clinics.  The 
hospital  has  not  been  large  enough  to 
accommodate  the  demands  made  upon 
it  during  the  past  year.  The  cases  al- 
ready presented  have  demonstrated  the 
great  need  for  the  Riley  Hospital. 


Page  Fxlty-siz 


HOOSIER  POET 

JAMES  Whitcomb  Riley,  the 
most  outstanding  figure  in 
Hoosier  literature,  particu- 
larly in  the  realm  of  dialect 
poetry,  was  born  in  Greenfield, 
Indiana,  October  7,  1849.  Con- 
cluding his  schooling  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  Riley  traveled  about 
the  country  as  a  sign-painter 
and  later  began  contributing 
poems  to  the  Indiana  papers. 
Since  then,  the  wealth  of  poetry 
he  has  written  has  endeared  him 
to  the  hearts  of  all  Hoosiers. 
Mr.  Riley  died  in  Indianapolis, 
July  22,  1916,  and  lies  buried  at 
the  summit  of  Crown  Hill  Cem- 
etery. 


THE  OLD  SWIMMIN'-HOLE 


Oh!  the  old  swimmin'-hole!  whare  the 

crick  so  still  and  deep 
Looked    like   a    baby-river    that    was 

laying  half  asleep, 
And  the  gurgle  of  the  worter  round  the 

drift  jest  below 
Sounded  like  the  laugh  of  something 

we  onc't  ust  to  know 
Before  we  could  remember  anything 

but  the  eyes 
Of  the  angels  lookin'  out  as  we  left 

Paradise; 
But  the  merry  days  of  youth  is  beyond 

our  controle, 
And  it's  hard  to  part  ferever  with  the 

old  swimmin'-hole. 


Page  Fifty-teten 


Page  Fijiy-eight 


ART  IN  INDIANA 


THE  fine  arts,  especially  paintings,  have  had 
an  extraordinary  development  in  Indiana 
during  the  past  thirty  years.  A  powerful 
stimulus  was  given  to  this  development  by  the  for- 
mation of  numerous  art  associations  in  all  parts  of 
the  state.  Some  of  these  are  among  the  best  in  the 
country.  The  Indianapolis  Art  Association  was 
organized  in  1883,  in  1902  it  became  The  John 
Herron  Art  Institute,  and  in  1906  the  present 
admirable  building  was  opened  to  the  public.  There 
is  a  well  developed  school  of  art  in  connection  with 
the  Institute,  an  art  library,  and  extensive  and  in- 
creasing collections  of  paintings,  sculpture,  prints, 
etc.  Many  exhibitions  are  shown  during  the  year, 
lecture  courses  are  maintained,  and  other  educational 
activities  carried  on.  A  society  known  as  "The 
Friends  of  American  Art"  contribute  to  the  per- 
manent collection  and  a  loan  exhibit  of  the  Frank  C. 
Ball  collection  of  foreign  paintings,  containing 
examples  from  Tintoretto,  Claude  Lorraine,  and 
other  masters,  has  long  been  contained  in  the  gallery. 

Some  fifty  other  art  associations  have  been 
organized  throughout  the  state,  many  of  them  of 
long  standing,  holding  exhibitions  and  owning  per- 
manent collections.  The  work  of  the  Art  Associa- 
tion of  Richmond  is  outstanding.  A  Public  Art 
Gallery  has  been  established  with  a  large  permanent 
collection  of  paintings,  sculpture,  prints,  and 
decorative  arts;  classes  in  painting  are  con- 
ducted and  more  than  a  dozen  current  ex- 
hibitions are  given  each  year.  Largely  as  a 
result  of  these  activities,  a  school  of  Rich- 
mond painters  has  grown  up,  twenty-seven 
of  whom  showed  creditable  work  at  a  recent 
exhibition  in  the  gallery.  Many  of  these 
painters  have  organized  a  "Palette  Club" 
and  are  exhibiting  and  selling  their  pictures. 

Many  of  the  art  associations  in  the  state 
were  started  as  the  result  of  the  traveling 
exhibits  of  paintings  of  Eastern,  and  later 
of  Indiana  artists,  arranged  and  shown 
annually  since  1903  in  the  larger  cities  by 
the  director  of  The  Richmond  Art  Associa- 
tion. 


William  M.  Chase 


As  early  as  1895,  the  work  of  five  Indian- 
ians  called  "The  Hoosier  Group,"  William 
Forsyth,  J.  Ottis  Adams,  T.  C.  Steele, 
Otto  Stark,  and  R.  B.  Gruelle  (the  last 
three  deceased)  was  well  known  throughout 
the  country  as  well  as  the  work  of  J.  E. 
Bundy  who  has  now  a  national  reputation. 
Other  native  painters  who  have  reached 
special  distinction  are  William  M.  Chase, 
Wayman  Adams,  Daniel  Garber,  Victor 
Higgins,  Eugene  Savage,  and  in  sculpture, 
Janet  Scudder,  and  Caroline  Peddle  Ball. 
The  work  of  two  hundred  native  or  resident 
Indiana  artists  was  accepted  as  satisfactory 
at  a  Hoosier  Salon  held  in  Chicago  in  1926. 
In  the  number  of  her  citizens  interested  in 
painting,  Indiana  stands  in  a  front  rank 
among  American  States. 

Wm.  Dudley  Foulke 


Page  Fifty-nine 


GEN.  LEW    WALLACE  CHAS.     MAJOR  SARAH  T.  BOLTON  GENE  STRATTOM-PORTER      MAUW.ICE  THOMPSON         JOHN    FINLEY 


ALBERT  J. BEVERIOCe      MEREDITH  NICHOLSON      BOOTH  TARKINGTON  GEORGE    ADE  KIN   HUBBARD  EDWARD  ECGLESTON 


INDIANA  IN  LITERATURE 


INDIANA  people  have  always  been  prone 
to  express  their  emotions  and  dreams 
in  print.      From  the  earliest  days  the 
pioneers,  poets  and  story  tellers  of  Indiana 
have  woven  their  experiences  into  song  and 
homespun  tales. 

John  Finley,  whose  Hoosiers  Nest  is  a 
delightfully  humorous  picture  of  a  pioneer 
homestead,  and  Sarah  T.  Bolton,  who  in- 
spired many  men  and  women  by  her  cheery 
philosophy,  are  two  interesting  representa- 
tives of  that  early  preoccupation  with 
literature.  From  1870,  however,  when  Ed- 
ward Eggleston  put  Indiana  on  the  literary 
map  with  the  first  of  that  remarkable  series 
of  genre  pictures  of  pioneer  Indiana  life 
that  became  classics,  the  state  has  produced 
many  men  and  women  whose  excellent 
work  has  made  them  justly  famous.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  mention  all  of 
them  who  rank  high.  It  must  suffice  to 
mention  those  most  widely  known. 

There  was  the  incomparable  James  Whit- 
comb  Riley,    interpreter    of    the    universal 


child  heart:  Maurice  Thompson,  with  his 
pictures  of  bygone  days  of  romance:  Lew 
Wallace,  who  made  olden  days  live  in  his 
heroic  romances :  Charles  Major,  who  could 
charm  with  tales  of  Tudor  England  or 
bears  of  Blue  River:  Gene  Stratton  Porter, 
who  opened  our  eyes  to  the  beauty  of  woods 
and  streams:  all  these  have  gone  to  join  the 
choir  invisible.  Among  the  many  who 
charm  and  inspire  us  today  one  may  speak 
only  of  Meredith  Nicholson,  versatile  poet, 
novelist  and  critic:  George  Ade,  slangy 
philosopher  and  playwright;  Kin  Hubbard 
whose  delicious  creation  Abe  Martin  adds  a 
distinct  chapter  to  American  humor;  Booth 
Tarkington,  exquisite  artist  and  remarkable 
craftsman;  Albert  J.  Beveridge,  statesman 
and  author  of  the  Life  of  John  Marshall. 

As  one  surveys  this  list  of  representative 
men  and  women  of  letters  in  Indiana,  they 
seem  to  fall  into  two  groups:  those  whose 
ability  as  story  tellers  found  scope  in  tales 
of  romantic  days  gone  by;  and  those  who 
saw  beauty  in  everyday  life,  and  charm- 
ingly recorded   it. 


Page  Snip 


SOME  HISTORIC  SHRINES 


A  SKETCH  of  Fort  Sackville, 
Vincennes,  whose  site  is  now 
indicated  only  by  a  stone 
marker.  The  capture  of  Fort  Sack- 
ville, February  25,  1779,  was  the 
culmination  of  George  Rogers  Clark's 
famous  expedition,  and  the  most  im- 
portant event  of  the  Revolution  in 
the  west. 


GOVERNOR  William  Henry  Harrison  in  the 
early  morning  of  November  7,  1811,  defeated  a 
formidable  Indian  attack  near  the  Tippecanoe 
River,  where  this  monument  now  stands,  not 
far  from  the  present  city  of  Lafayette.  This  battle 
was  a  prelude  to  the  War  of  1812  and  one  of  the 
greatest  Indian  battles  in  our  history. 


ABRAHAM  Lincoln  was  an  Ind- 
j\  iana  boy.  His  family  came  into 
the  state  when  he  was  seven 
years  old  (1816),  and  he  lived  in 
Spencer  County,  where  Lincoln  City  is 
now  located,  until  he  was  twenty-one 
(1830),  a  period  of  fourteen  years. 
Here  his  mother,  Nancy  Hanks  Lincoln, 
is  buried. 


Pag*  Sizty-on 


^gr~~0*^  ^■■■iiaiaw^ 


^jl^^B 


^■^: 


THE  INDIANAPOLIS  MOTOR  SPEEDWAY 


FOUR  Indianapolis  men,  Carl  G.  Fisher, 
James  A.  Allison,  A.  C.  Newby,  and 
Frank  H.  Wheeler,  joined  together  in 
1909  and  decided  to  build  a  motor  speedway 
near  Indianapolis. 

The  speedway,  when  scarcely  completed, 
was  opened  on  August  19,  1909,  for  three 
days  racing.  The  accidents  in  these  first 
races  so  impressed  the  management  with  the 
inadvisability  of  racing  on  a  dirt  track  that 
they  determined  to  resurface  the  2^4  mile 
oval.  By  December  18,  1909,  the  track, 
completely  paved  with  brick,  was  opened 
for  the  first  races  over  the  newly  surfaced 
track,  and  the  success  of  the  speedway  as  a 
high  speed  racing  and  testing  course  was 
established. 

The  third  race  meet  was  in  May,  1910, 
and  was  the  largest  in  attendance  up  to 
that  time,  being  reported  at  30,000;  but 
small  compared  with  1 30,000,  as  reported 
this  year. 

Then  came  the  present  classic,  the  500- 
mile  race,  a  contest  which  is  known  to  the 


whole  automotive  world  as  the  greatest  test 
for  engineering  and  pilot  brains  that  the 
industry  has  yet  developed. 

Some  figures  about  the  physical  character 
of  the  present  track  may  be  of  interest. 
The  complete  circuit,  three  feet  from  the 
inside  edge,  is  lYi  miles  long.  The  stretches 
are  50  feet  wide  and  the  turns,  not  including 
the  concrete  safety  aprons,  60  feet  wide. 
There  were  3,200,000  paving  bricks  used. 
The  bricks  are  grouted  with  cement,  and  the 
track  is  usually  considered  as  one  of  the 
most  unique  examples  of  brick  and  cement 
pavement. 

The  home  and  back  stretches  are  3,301 
feet  long;  the  end  straights  660  feet  long 
and  the  four  quarter-circle  turns  at  each 
corner,  1,320  feet  on  the  course  line  at  the 
inner  edge.  They  have  a  radius  of  840 
feet.  The  first  50  feet  of  the  curve  is 
banked  at  15°  40",  and  the  remaining  10 
feet  at  36°  40".  The  approaches  and 
releases  from  the  turns  have  a  2  per  cent, 
grade. 


Page  Sizly-tmo 


FORT  BENJAMIN  HARRISON 


THE  United  States  Army  Post,  Fort 
Benjamin  Harrison,  was  established 
in  1905.  The  reservation  consists  of 
2,415  acres.  The  original  buildings  and 
improvement  of  the  grounds  for  military 
purposes  cost  the  Government  approxi- 
mately $1,500,000.  The  original  plans  were 
so  drawn  that  the  Fort  has  been  enlarged 
without   alterations   of  those   plans. 


It  is  situated  about  thirteen  miles  north- 
east of  Indianapolis.  This  post,  by  its 
central  location  and  superior  equipment  and 
improvements,  was  used  as  a  training  camp 
for  officers  and  mobilization  camp  for  the 
the  army  during  the  World  War. 

The  10th  U.  S.  Infantry  is  located  there, 
and  the  War  Department  is  to  make 
extensive  permanent  improvements. 


MARION  SOLDIERS'  HOSPITAL 


THE  Marion  Soldiers'  Home  was 
established  by  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment for  the  care  of  former 
soldiers.  After  the  World  War  this 
institution  was  converted  into  a  hos- 
pital to  care  for  disabled  soldiers  of 
that  war,  and  is  so  used  now. 

The  occupants  of  the  home  were 
transferred  to  the  Indiana  State  Sol- 
diers' Home  at  Lafayette. 


/'age  Sixty-Hree 


FACTS  ABOUT  INDIANA 

Its  name  was  derived  from  the  word  "Indian."    Indiana  means,  "The  lands  of  the  Indians." 
It  was  nicknamed  "Hoosier  State"  from  the  expression  "Who's  here?"  (yere  or  hyer). 
Indiana  was  first  explored  by  LaSalle  in  the  year  1670. 
First  permanent  white  settlement  was  made  at  Vincennes  in  1719. 
Indiana  was  under  French  control  until  1760;  English  control  from  1760  to  1776. 
Greatest  length  276  miles;  greatest  width  177  miles. 
Area  36,354  square  miles,  of  which  309  square  miles  is  water. 
Indiana  ranks  37th  in  area  in  the  United  States. 

Indiana  Territory  was  organized  in  the  year  1800;  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1816. 
First  capital  was  located  at  Vincennes  from  1800  to  1813. 
Capital  was  located  at  Corydon  from  1813  to  1825;  at  Indianapolis  since  1825. 
First  constitution  was  adopted  in  1816;  the  second  in  1851. 

Population,  Federal  census  of  1920,  2,930,390;  estimated  July  1,  1925,  3,060,416. 
Center  of  population  of  U.  S.  is  near  Whitehall,  Owen  County. 

Indiana  led  in  response  to  the  call  for  volunteers  in  the  Mexican  War,  Civil  War,  Spanish- 
American  War,  and  World  War. 
Indiana  possesses  the  finest  Soldiers  and  Sailors  Monument,  which  is  second  in  height  only 

to  the  Washington  Monument.    Indiana  has  the  World  War  Memorial  Plaza  (Indianapolis). 
Indiana  leads  in  recognition  of  authors  of  books  of  fiction,  such  as  George  Ade,  Booth  Tarking- 

ton,  and  Meredith  Nicholson. 
Indiana  has  one  auto  for  every  4.2  persons,  li  times  average  in  U.  S. 
In  Indiana  55.5  per  cent  of  the  people  own  their  own   homes,   as  compared  with  only  36.9 

per  cent  for  the  U.  S.  as  a  whole. 
Assessed  valuation  of  taxable  property,  1925,  $5,430,702,085 

Less  Mortgage  exemptions  $159,125,600  5,271,576,485 

Total  wealth  (U.  S.  Census  Bureau)  8,830,000,000 

Indiana  Farm  Output  in  the  year  1924  277,000,000 

Indiana  Steel  products,  1925  246,000,000 

Automobiles  and  parts,  1925  201,000,000 

Foundry  products,  1925  101,000,000 

Railroad  car  building,     1925  85,000,000 

Electrical  machinery,      1925  77,000,000 

Furniture  industry,         1925  72,848,000 

Kitchen  cabinets  (Exceeds  one  half  in  U.  S.),  1925  14,130,000 

Indiana  is  first  as  bottle  and  jar  maker,  1925  19,820,000 

Indiana  wheat  crop,  1925,  25,000,000  bushels  worth  40,000,000 

Indiana  is  first  as  tomato  grower,  1925  386,100  tons 

Indiana  third  in  corn  crop  in  1925  200,000,000  bu. 

Indiana  is: 
First  in  having  more  miles  of  railway  according  to  area. 
First  in  having  the  largest  inland  railway  center  (Indianapolis). 
First  as  greatest  interurban  center  in  the  world  (Indianapolis). 
First  in  production  of  limestone  for  building  purposes,  producing  more    than    76   per  cent 

of  the  entire  output  of  the  United  States  (Bedford  and  Bloomington) . 
First  in  the  manufacturing  of  iron  and  steel  from  the  crude  ore  (the  Calumet  region). 
First  in  quality  of  corn  (not  quantity).     Indiana  has  failed  only  once  during  the  past  15  years 

in  securing  the  sweepstake  prize,  and  captures  from  60  to  85percentofall  prizes  of  quality 

at  the  National  Fat  Stock  Show  at  Chicago. 
Indiana    is  one  of  three  states  with  no  state   indebtedness,  and  the  only   industrial  state 

with  this  distinction. 


Page   Sirty-fouT 


